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    Home»Fruits»Traditional uses and benefits of Spanish Cedar
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    Traditional uses and benefits of Spanish Cedar

    By SylviaMarch 1, 2023Updated:March 5, 2023No Comments9 Mins Read
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    Spanish cedar Quick Facts
    Name: Spanish cedar
    Scientific Name: Cedrela odorata
    Origin Tropical Africa, southern Africa, and Madagascar
    Colors Initially green turning to reddish-brown as they mature
    Shapes Oblong-ellipsoid to obovoid overhanging capsule about 2 to 4 com long
    Health benefits Good for fever, sores, headaches, earache, wounds, malaria, bronchitis, diabetes, diarrhea, vomiting, hemorrhage, and indigestion.
    Cedrela odorata, popularly known as Spanish cedar or Cedar wood is a commercially significant types of tree in the mahogany family, Meliaceae Juss. The plant is widely grown in tropical Africa, in East as well as West and southern Africa, and also in Madagascar. It has been recognized in Tanzania, Côte d’Ivoire, South Africa, Madagascar, Uganda and Ghana, and in numerous other tropical nations. Some of the popular common names of the plants are Barbados cedar, red cedar, Spanish cedar, cigar box cedrela, cedar, Central American cedar, West Indian cedar, cigar box cedar, American cedar, Honduras cedar, Cedro Hembra, Brazilian mahogany, Cedar Wood, cedrela, Mexican cedar, Jamaican cedar, Mexican boxwood, stinking mahogany and cigar-box tree.

    Spanish Cedar Facts

    Name Spanish cedar
    Scientific Name Cedrela odorata
    Native Extensively planted in tropical Africa, in West as well as East and southern Africa, and in Madagascar. It has been established in Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana, Uganda, Tanzania, Madagascar and South Africa, and in several other tropical countries
    Common Names Barbados cedar, Mexican cedar, Spanish cedar, West Indian cedar, cedrela, cigar box cedar, Cedar Wood, Cedro Hembra, cedar, cigar-box tree, Brazilian mahogany, American cedar, Central American cedar, cigar box cedrela, Honduras cedar, Jamaican cedar, Mexican boxwood, stinking mahogany, red cedar
    Name in Other Languages Arabic: Sindirilaa ‘uwdwrata (سيدريلا أودوراتا)
    Brazil: Acaju, capiúva, cedreilro, cedro, cedro-amargo, cedro-amargoso, cedro-aromático, cedro-batata, cedro-bordado, cedro-branco, cedro-bravo, cedro-cheiroso, cedro-de-mato-grosso, cedro-do-amazonas, cedro-do-brejo, cedro-do-paraguai, cedro-fêmea, cedro-manso, cedro-mogno, cedro-rosa, cedro-verdadeiro, cedro-vermelho
    Bulgarian: Ispanski kedŭr (испански кедър)
    Burmese: Thit kado
    Costa Rica: Cedro amargo
    Chinese:  Mo xi ge xiang hong chun (墨西哥香红椿),   Xiang hong chun (香红椿 ), Yan yang chun (烟洋椿 ), Mòxīgē xiāngchūn (墨西哥香椿),  Yáng chūn (洋椿), Xībānyá bǎimù (西班牙柏木), nan mei xiang chun, yang chun
    English:  Barbados cedar,  Cigar box cedar,  Mexican cedar,  Spanish cedar,  West Indian cedar, Red Cedar, Cigar-box Wood, Cedro Hembra, Spanish-Ceda, cedar, cedarwood, cigar box wood, bastard cedar, cigar-box cedrela, false cedar
    Finnish: Punasetrela
    French: Cèdre acajou, Cèdre des barbares, Acajou rouge, Acajou-bois, Cedrat, Acajou amer, Acajou, Cedrela, acajou cédrel, acajou femelle, cédrèle odorante, acajou pays, Acajou à planches, acajou senti, acajou á muebles, cèdre, cedrela
    German: Westindische Zeder, Westindische Zedrele, Jamaica-Zedar, westindische Scheinzeder, cedrela, Westindische Scheinzeder, Zigarrenkistchenholz
    Haitian: Sèd
    Indonesian: Suren, Surian, cederwood
    Italian: Cedrella odorosa, cedro acajou
    Japanese: Cedoro (セドロ)
    Macedonian: Mirisliva cedrela (Мирислива цедрела)
    Malay:  Surian (Indonesia)
    Malaysian: Stinking mahogany
    Mexico: Culche
    Myanmar: Thit kado
    Nicaragua: Cedro real
    North Frisian: Spoonsk Tseeder
    Norwegian: Vestindisk seder
    Persian: سدر اسپانیایی
    Polish: Cedrzyk wonny
    Portuguese: Cedro, Cedro-branco, Cedro-rosa, Cedro-vermelho, Cedro-cheiroso, cedro-aromatico, cedro-das-índias-ocidentáis, cedro-do-méxico, mogno-da-américa  
    Quechua: Kanuwa ruya
    Russian: Tsedrela dushistaya (Цедрела душистая)
    Spanish:  Cedro colorado,  Cedro real, Cedro Rojo, Cedro, cedro amargo, cedro hembra, Cedrela, Cedro Rosado, cedro cubano, cédre, cédre espagnol, cedro macho, acajú, cedro hembra del país, redcedar, culche, cedro vermelho, cedro hembra, cedro  mexicano, cedro español, cedro dulce, cedro del país, cedro blanco, cedro oloroso
    Swahili: Mwerezi
    Swedish: Cigarrlådeträd
    Thai: Yom-hom
    Tongan: Sita hina
    Upper Sorbian: Wonjaty cedrelowc
    Plant Growth Habit Monoecious, fast growing, medium-sized to fairly large deciduous, tree
    Growing Climates Forests, forest edges, disturbed areas, semi-deciduous to evergreen lowland, roadsides, lower montane rainforest, montane tropical forests and pastures
    Soil Not demanding of soil nutrients, tolerating soils high in calcium; it prefers fertile, free draining, weakly acidic soil but tolerates heavy soil
    Plant Size 30 -40 meters tall, exceptionally up to 50 meters. The straight, cylindrical bole can be 60 – 120 cm in diameter and unbranched for 15 – 24 meters
    Bark Young bark is smooth, grey and becomes deeply fissured with age
    Leaf Leaves are alternate, paripinnately compound with 6–14 pairs of leaflets grouped towards the end of the branches, 15–50 cm (5.9–19.7 in) long
    Flower Flowers are unisexual, male and female flowers are very comparable in look, regular, 5-merous and aromatic. Pedicel is up to 2 mm long. Calyx is cup shaped, 2 mm long, split on 1 side, shallowly to deeply toothed. Petals are free and imbricate, forming into a long, columnar androgynophore by a medium carina, white or cream tinged red near the margin
    Fruit Shape & Size Oblong-ellipsoid to obovoid overhanging capsule with 5 thin, woody valves. They are about 2 to 4 com long, and are borne close to branch tips
    Fruit Color Initially green turning to reddish-brown as they mature
    Seed Seeds are 2–3 cm long, pale brown and winged at apex
    Flavor/Aroma Leaves smelling strongly of garlic or onions
    Flowers have strong malty smell
    Plant Parts Used Bark, leaves
    Season March-June
    Culinary Uses
    • The young leaves are eaten.

    Plant Description

    Spanish cedar is a monoecious, fast growing, medium-sized to fairly large deciduous tree that normally grows about 30 – 40 meters tall, exceptionally up to 50 meters. The straight, cylinder-shaped bole may be 60 – 120 cm in diameter and are unbranched for 15 – 24 meters. Bark surface is rough and fissured, reddish brown mostly towards the base of trunk, greyish greater up. Inner bark is purplish red or pink. Branchlets are superbly to noticeably lenticellate. The plant is found growing in forests, forest edges, disturbed areas, semi-deciduous to evergreen lowland, roadsides, lower montana rainforest, montana tropical forests and pastures. The plant is not demanding of soil nutrition, tolerating soils great in calcium. It favors fertile, well-draining, softly acidic soil but endures heavy soil.

    Leaves

    Leaves are alternate, paripinnately compound with 6–14 pairs of leaflets grouped towards the end of the branches, 15–50 cm (5.9–19.7 in) long.  Stipules are absent and rachis is somewhat hairy or glabrous. Petioles are up to 2 cm long. Leaflets are ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 7–15 cm (2.8–5.9 in) long and 3–5 cm (1.2–2.0 in) wide with the base indirectly shortened and unequal. They are hairless (glabrous) to densely pubescent.

    Inflorescence/ Flower

    Flowers are borne on large branched inflorescences. Flowers are unisexual, male and female flowers are very comparable in look, regular, 5-merous and aromatic. Pedicel is up to 2 mm long. Calyx is cup shaped, 2 mm long, divide on 1 side, trivially to deeply toothed. Petals are imbricate, creating a stretched, columnar androgynophore by a medium carina, white or cream tinged red near the margin. Stamens 5, free, but adnate to the androgynophore below; anthers are dorsifixed, opening by longitudinal slits. Male flowers consist of rudimentary ovary while female flower consists of non-dehiscing, smaller anthers. First flowering can be probable after 10-15 years.

    Mature-fruits-of-Spanish-cedar Mature-fruits-of-Spanish-cedar
    Immature-fruits-of-Spanish-cedar Immature-fruits-of-Spanish-cedar
    Leaves-of-Spanish-cedar Leaves-of-Spanish-cedar
    Seeds-of-Spanish-cedar Seeds-of-Spanish-cedar
    Sketch-of-Spanish-cedar Sketch-of-Spanish-cedar
    Plant-Illustration-of-Spanish-cedar Plant-Illustration-of-Spanish-cedar
    Bark-of-Spanish-cedar Bark-of-Spanish-cedar
    Spanish-cedar-tree Spanish-cedar-tree
    Spanish-cedar-tree-growing-wild Spanish-cedar-tree-growing-wild
    Spanish-cedar-sapling Spanish-cedar-sapling
    Trunk-of-Spanish-cedar Trunk-of-Spanish-cedar
    Woods-of-Spanish-cedar Woods-of-Spanish-cedar
    Spanish cedar Image Gallery

    Fruit

    Fertile flowers are followed by oblong-ellipsoid to obovoid overhanging capsule with 5 thin, woody valves. They are about 2 to 4 com long, and are borne close to branch tips. Capsules are initially green turning to reddish-brown as they mature containing several seeds. Capsule ruptures when mature, commonly still attached to the parent tree. Each fruit consist of around 40 to 50 winged seeds. Seeds are 2–3 cm long, pale brown and winged at apex. Fruit development takes around 6 to 10 months.

    Traditional uses and benefits of Spanish cedar

    • Cedar wood is used in the treatment of headaches, fever, earache, sores and wounds.
    • Cold water infusion of the stem bark is used in the treatment of fevers.
    • Trunk bark and Root is used to lessen pain and fever.
    • Bark is used for treating sores.
    • Decoction of the leaves and bark is used to cure headaches.
    • Decoction of the leaves is used to heal fevers.
    • An infusion is used to cure earache.
    • Trunk is gathered to prepare a decoction for abortion.
    • Shavings of the wood are utilized in sweat baths for treating skin eruptions.
    • Oil achieved from the seed is used to cicatrize wounds.
    • Bark is used to treat malaria in Sao Tome.
    • Bark immersed in hot water is used to numb foot soles in Tanzania.
    • Bark resin is used to treat bronchitis.
    • It is also used in the treatment of diabetes and malaria in traditional Suriname medicine.
    • Bark infusion is used as a remedy for hemorrhage, diarrhea, and fever, indigestion, anti-inflammation and vomiting.
    • Bark decoction is used to heal fever and malaria in Africa.

    Other Facts

    • Bark is used for making twine.
    • Wood is fragrant and certainly termite and rot-resistant.
    • It is used in making furniture, light constructions, wooden novelties, doors, ornamental veneer and musical instruments.
    • Since it is a long-lived tree and offers an excellent timber, it is an outstanding option for use in reforestation program.
    • It is also used for moldings, cabinets, paneling, boxes, plywood, exterior joinery, turnery, weather boards, matchboxes, boat building (especially racing boats), canoes, household tools, and louvered doors.
    • Lower grades are appropriate for animal pens, fencing and crates.
    • The revolting odor of the wood to insects makes it mostly appropriate for the production of wardrobe and clothing chests.
    • It is a virtuous firewood type.
    • It is used as an agroforestry variety in coffee and cocoa farming.
    • Wood is the traditional option for creating the neck of flamenco and traditional guitars.
    • First flowering is predictable after 10-15 years.

    Prevention and Control

    Due to the adaptable rules around (de)registration of pesticides, your national list of registered pesticides or applicable authority must be referred to regulate which products are lawfully permissible for use within your country while allowing for chemical control. Pesticides must always be utilized in a legal way, reliable with the product’s label.

    Regeneration of transition zone forests on Santa Cruz Island, Galapagos, is being checked following the control of C. odorata, and though control is proving effective, eradication is not considered possible at present.

    Saplings and seedlings have very shallow root systems and are sensitive to uprooting and root crushing. It is not resistant to fire and therefore mechanical and fire cures might show effective in certain situations.  Seedlings can be physically removed, as is practiced in the Galapagos Islands, however larger plants require some form of chemical treatment even though it is noted that they tend not to covert well. In the Galapagos, hack and squirt use of 50% Tordon 22K has been found effective, but for trees >40 cm diameter, a 10% mixture of Tordon or Combo at 20% was found to be operational, or a cut stump cure of 5% Combo for smaller trees. Though an appreciated timber types, control by utilization of the wood might need cautious control of the chain of custody, as trade is planned due to C. odorata being a CITES listed types.

    References:

    https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=29014#null

    http://www.hear.org/pier/species/cedrela_odorata.htm

    https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=9685

    https://pfaf.org/USER/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Cedrela+odorata

    https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/10.1079/cabicompendium.11975

    https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/CEDOD

    http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2707234

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedrela_odorata

    http://www.worldfloraonline.org/taxon/wfo-0000592446

    https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/246708

    https://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Cedrela_odorata_(PROTA)#Synonyms

    https://www.srs.fs.usda.gov/pubs/misc/ag_654/volume_2/cedrela/ordota.htm

    http://apps.worldagroforestry.org/treedb/AFTPDFS/Cedrela_odorata.PDF

    https://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Cedrela+odorata

    https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=CEOD

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    Spanish cedar Scientific Classification

    Scientific Name: Cedrela odorata

    Rank Scientific Name & (Common Name)
    Kingdom Plantae (Plants)
    Subkingdom Tracheobionta (Vascular plants)
    Infrakingdom Streptophyta  (land plants)
    Superdivision Spermatophyta (Seed plants)
    Division Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants)
    Subdivision Spermatophytina  (spermatophytes, seed plants, phanérogames)
    Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons)
    Subclass Rosidae
    Superorder Rosanae
    Order Sapindales
    Family Meliaceae Juss. (Mahogany family)
    Genus Cedrela P. Br. (cedrela)
    Species Cedrela odorata L. (Spanish cedar)
    Synonyms
    • Cedrela adenophylla Mart.
    • Cedrela adenophylla Mart. ex C.DC.
    • Cedrela amara Goebel
    • Cedrela angustifolia Moc. & Sessé
    • Cedrela angustifolia Moc. & Sessé ex DC.
    • Cedrela brachystachva C.DC.
    • Cedrela brachystachya (C.DC.) C.DC.
    • Cedrela brownei Loefl.
    • Cedrela brownii Loefl. ex Kuntze
    • Cedrela cedro Loefl.
    • Cedrela ciliolata S.F.Blake
    • Cedrela cubensis Bisse
    • Cedrela dugesii S.Watson
    • Cedrela glaziouvii C.DC.
    • Cedrela glaziovii C.DC.
    • Cedrela guianensis A.Juss.
    • Cedrela hassleri (C.DC.) C.DC.
    • Cedrela imparipinnata C.DC.
    • Cedrela longipes S.F.Blake
    • Cedrela longipetiolulata Harms
    • Cedrela mexicana M.Roem.
    • Cedrela mexicana var. puberula C.DC.
    • Cedrela mourae C.DC.
    • Cedrela occidentalis C.DC. & Rose
    • Cedrela odorata Cham. & Schltdl.
    • Cedrela odorata Griseb.
    • Cedrela odorata Ruiz & Pav.
    • Cedrela odorata Vell.
    • Cedrela odorata var. xerogeiton Rizzini & Heringer
    • Cedrela palustris Handro
    • Cedrela paraguaiensis Mart.
    • Cedrela paraguariensis Mart.
    • Cedrela paraguariensis var. brachystachya C.DC.
    • Cedrela paraguariensis var. hassleri C.DC.
    • Cedrela paraguariensis var. multijuga C.DC.
    • Cedrela rotunda Blake
    • Cedrela sintenisii C.DC.
    • Cedrela velloziana M.Roem.
    • Cedrela vellozoana M.Roem.
    • Cedrela whitfordii Blake
    • Cedrela yucatana Blake
    • Cedrus odorata Mill.
    • Pterosiphon multinervis Turcz.
    • Pterosiphon multivenius Turcz.
    • Surenus angustifolia (Moc. & Sessé ex DC.) Kuntze
    • Surenus brownii (Loefl. ex Kuntze) Kuntze
    • Surenus glaziouvii (C.DC.) Kuntze
    • Surenus glaziovii (C.DC.) Kuntze
    • Surenus guianensis (A.Juss.) Kuntze
    • Surenus mexicana (M.Roem.) Kuntze
    • Surenus paraguariensis Kuntze
    • Surenus velloziana (M.Roem.) Kuntze
    • Surenus vellozoana (M.Roem.) Kuntze
    • Swietenia multijuga Schiede
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