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    Home»Herbs and Spices»Facts about Stink Grass
    Herbs and Spices

    Facts about Stink Grass

    By SylviaMarch 19, 2021Updated:March 19, 2021No Comments9 Mins Read
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    Eragrostis cilianensis commonly known as Stinkgrass is a species of grass belonging to Poaceae ⁄ Gramineae family. The plant is native to Europe (i.e. Austria, Hungary, Switzerland, Moldova, Ukraine, Albania, Italy, Romania, Yugoslavia, France, Portugal and Spain), Africa (i.e. Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland), the Arabian Peninsula (i.e. Saudi Arabia), Western Asia, the Indian Sub-continent (i.e. India and Pakistan) and eastern Asia (i.e. China, Japan, Myanmar and Thailand). The plant is known by several common names, including black grass, candy grass, gray love grass, love grass, snake grass, spreading love grass, stink eragrostis, stink grass, stink love grass, stink-grass, stink grass, stinking eragrostis, stinking love grass and strong scented love grass.

    Stink Grass Facts

    Stinkgrass Quick Facts
    Name: Stinkgrass
    Scientific Name: Eragrostis cilianensis
    Origin Europe, Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, Western Asia, the Indian Sub-continent and eastern Asia
    Colors Rich translucent brown or reddish brown
    Shapes Indehiscent grain about 0.5 mm. long, ovoid-globoid in shape
    Name Stinkgrass
    Scientific Name Eragrostis cilianensis
    Native Europe (i.e. Austria, Hungary, Switzerland, Moldova, Ukraine, Albania, Italy, Romania, Yugoslavia, France, Portugal and Spain), Africa (i.e. Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Somalia, Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa and Swaziland), the Arabian Peninsula (i.e. Saudi Arabia), Western Asia, the Indian Sub-continent (i.e. India and Pakistan) and eastern Asia (i.e. China, Japan, Myanmar and Thailand)
    Common Names Black grass, candy grass, gray love grass, lovegrass, snake grass, spreading lovegrass, stink eragrostis, stink grass, stink lovegrass, stink-grass, stinking eragrostis, stinking lovegrass, strong scented lovegrass
    Name in Other Languages Afrikaans: Stink eragrostis          
    Albanian: Eragrost, eragrosta kallimadhe
    Arabic: Tirab (تيراب)
    Bulgarian: Edroklasa vlasica (едрокласа власица), edroklasa polevichka (едрокласа полевичка)
    Catalan: Eragrostis major
    Croatian: Mnogocvjetna kosmatka
    Czech: Milička velkokvětá, milička větši
    Chinese:  Da hua mei cao (大畫眉草),  Xing xing cao
    Danish: Slørhvene, Stor kærlighedsgræs
    Dutch: Groot liefdegras, Stinkend liefdegras
    English: Gray love grass, Snake Grass, Stinkgrass (USA), Stink lovegrass, Greater love-grass, Strong-scented lovegrass, Candygrass, spreading lovegrass,
    Finnish: Tanakkaröllinurmikka
    French: Éragrostide amourette, Éragrostide de Ciliani, Éragrostis majeur, Grand éragrostis, Éragrostide fétide, Grande éragrostide, Éragrostide de Ciliani, Éragrostide à gros épillets, amourette, eragrostide vulgaire, éragrostide grande
    German: Großes Liebesgras, Grossaehriges Liebesgras, Grossähriges Liebesgras, Großähriges Liebesgras
    Hebrew: Ben-chilaf gedol-shibbolit, בֶּן=חִילָף גְּדוֹל-שִׁבּוֹלִית
    Hungarian: Nagy tőtippan           
    Iraq: Dukhaineh
    Italian: Gramignone, Panicella maggiore, eragrostide di Ciliani, panicella
    Japanese:  Suzume gaya (スズメガヤ), ô-suzumegaya (オオスズメガヤ)
    Latvian: Skropstainā eragroste
    Lithuanian: Didžioji posmilgė
    Malagasy: Ahipoly, Ahipody, Tsimbony
    Netherlands: Liefdegras, groot
    Polish: Miłka wielka
    Portuguese: Capim-mimoso, Capim-mimoso-fedido, graminha, milhã-brava
    Russian: Polevichka krupnokoloskovaya (полевичка крупноколосковая), polevichka chilianskaya (полевичка чилианская)
    Serbian: Obichna kosmatka (обична косматка)
    Slovak: Milota velkoklásková
    Slovene: Mnogocvetna kosmatka
    South Africa: Blou(soet)gras, matatane, moseeka, rysgras, soetgras, tuingras
    Spanish: Eragrostis mayor, bailarines, espiguilla, lindrilla, traicionero, zacate apestoso, zorilla, barbas de chivo, pasto hediendo, gramilla blanca, hierba hedionda, pasto de coche, pasto de la perdiz                 
    Swedish: Stort kärleksgräs
    Turkish: Meşe yulafı      
    Ukrainian: Gusyatnik krupnokoloskoviy (гусятник крупноколосковий)
    Welsh: Serchwellt Drewllyd
    Plant Growth Habit An aromatic, vigorous, summer growing, tufted, upright or sprawling annual bunchgrass
    Growing Climates Roadsides, waste places, cultivated fields, pastures, footpaths, gardens, lawns, disturbed sites, vacant lots, orchards, nurseries, yards, wooded grassland; granite sand veld, cropland, railroads, construction sites and mined land. Sunny habitats with a history of disturbance are preferred
    Soil Adapted to a variety of soils
    Plant Size About half a meter in height
    Root Fibrous root system
    Stem Generally erect but may droop or bend. The stems have glandular tissue near the nodes and the long leavest, 5-15 cm long, 3-6 mm wide, are often dotted with glands as well.
    Leaf Leaf blades are 3-9 mm. across and 2-7 inches long. They are widest at their bases and either flat or rolled upward along their margins
    Flowering season June-October
    Flower Flowering heads branch, are often gray-green, and consist of flowers clustered in spikelets. The spikelets are narrowly lance shaped or oblong and lack needlelike awns.
    Fruit Shape & Size Indehiscent grain about 0.5 mm. long, ovoid-globoid in shape with a textured surface
    Fruit Color Rich translucent brown or reddish brown
    Seed Tiny, dark brown, egg shaped or lens-shaped, and less than 1mm in size
    Propagation By Seed
    Traditional uses
    • A root-decoction is taken as a treatment against flu in the event of an epidemic.

    Plant Description

    Stink grass is an aromatic, vigorous, summer growing, tufted, upright or sprawling annual bunchgrass that normally grows up to about half a meter in height. The plant is found growing in roadsides, waste places, cultivated fields, pastures, footpaths, gardens, lawns, disturbed sites, vacant lots, orchards, nurseries, yards, wooded grassland; granite sand veld, cropland, railroads, construction sites and mined land. Sunny habitats with a history of disturbance are preferred. The plant is adapted to a variety of soils. The root system consists of a tuft of fibrous roots. The stems are generally erect but may droop or bend. The stems have glandular tissue near the nodes and the long leavest, 5-15 cm long, 3-6 mm wide, are often dotted with glands as well. The plants have a strong scent.

    Leaves

    Alternate leaves occur along the entire length of each culm underneath the exserted inflorescence. The ascending to spreading leaf blades are 3-9 mm. across and 2-7 inches long. They are widest at their bases and either flat or rolled upward along their margins. At intervals along the margins of leaf blades, there are glandular droplets. These droplets are visible with a 10x hand lens. The upper leaf surface is medium to dark green and slightly scabrous (rough-textured), while the lower leaf surface is medium green, hairless, and smooth. The open leaf sheaths are medium green, hairless, and vertically veined. The ligules are hairy, especially along their outer margins.

    Stinkgrass Image Gallery
    Leaf-blade-of-Stinkgrass Leaf-blade-of-Stinkgrass
    Flowers-of-Stinkgrass Flowers-of-Stinkgrass
    Plant-Illustration-of-Stinkgrass Plant-Illustration-of-Stinkgrass
    Seeds-of-Stinkgrass Seeds-of-Stinkgrass
    Saplings-of-Stinkgrass Saplings-of-Stinkgrass
    Closer-view-of-spikelets-of-Stinkgrass Closer-view-of-spikelets-of-Stinkgrass
    Root-of-Stinkgrass Root-of-Stinkgrass
    Spikes-of-Stinkgrass Spikes-of-Stinkgrass
    Sketch-of-Stinkgrass Sketch-of-Stinkgrass
    Stinkgrass-Plant Stinkgrass-Plant
    Stinkgrass-Plant-growing-wild Stinkgrass-Plant-growing-wild
    Stem-of-Stinkgrass Stem-of-Stinkgrass

    Flower

    The pedicels of spikelets are up to 10 mm. long and divergent. The peduncle of the inflorescence is up to 6 inches long, medium green and glabrous. The rachis of the inflorescence is also green and glabrous, except at the bases of the primary lateral branches, where it has small tufts of hairs. The branches and pedicels of the inflorescence are medium green, wiry, and slightly scabrous. The spikelets are 5-20 mm. long, 2-3 mm. across, and compressed. They are whitish green or grayish green while immature, becoming light tan at maturity. Each spikelet has a pair of glumes at the bottom and 2 ranks of 8-40 overlapping lemmas above. The glumes are 1.5-2 mm. long, membranous, lanceolate, and keeled. They are green-veined along their keels and sometimes along their two sides. The lemmas are 2-3 mm. long, membranous, lanceolate-ovate, and keeled. They are green-veined along their keels and conspicuously green-veined along their two sides. The anthers of the florets are up to 0.5 mm. long. The blooming period occurs from mid-summer to early autumn, lasting about 1-2 weeks for individual plants. The perfect florets of the lemmas are cross-pollinated by wind.

    Fruit

    Afterwards, the florets are replaced by silvery gray to yellowish, the mature grains (seeds) falling away individually along with the lemma, leaving the paleas and glumes behind persisting on the stalk. Individual grains are about 0.5 mm. long, ovoid-globoid in shape, and rich translucent brown or reddish brown with a textured surface.

    Culinary Uses

    • Seeds are eaten as a cereal.
    • It can be made into cakes or eaten as gruel.
    • The grass is edible, and is taken as a normal part of the diet by people in the Lake Chad area.

    Few Facts

    • In Hawaii it has been recorded as a weed of drier habitats, including beaches, grasslands and open shrub lands.
    • Stink grass, so called in North America from its disagreeable odor when fresh, is occasionally used as fodder.
    • The plant is harvested from the wild for local use as a food, medicine and source of materials.
    • It is sometimes used in soil reclamation schemes.
    • The culm yields straw that is used for thatching, though its quality is inferior.
    • It is made into palliasses in Kordofan, and plaited into circular covers for pots holding milk or millet mash in the process of fermentation.
    • People in Nigeria make the straw into matting.

    Prevention

    Prevention of Stink grass is less expensive and less time-consuming than trying to control it. Make sure when you are seeding a new area you are doing so with certified weed-free seeds. For your lawns, create a dense lawn filled with desirable species, sufficient fertilizing, regular mowing and proper irrigation. If there is an infested area on your property, be sure to drive around, instead of through it. Make sure to give all equipment that has been in infested fields a good clean, to make sure no seeds are transferred. There are a few pre-emergent controls that can be used on Stink grass depending on the crop fields they are infesting. All the pre-emergent herbicides listed below provide 80% or more control of Stink grass. For corn field control, herbicides with the active ingredients pendimethaline, dimethanamin or s-metolachlor/benoxacor works great. For control in soybean fields, herbicides with the active ingredients dimethanamin, metribuzin or imazethapyr provide acceptable prevention for Stink grass.

    Stink grass Control

    Cultural Control

    Stink grass will die after the first autumn frost hits, giving desirable grass a chance to fill in the blank spaces. The good thing about Stink grass is that it can be easily removed by hand, cultivation or hoeing. It is best to have these removal tactics done before Stink grass has time to flower.

    Chemical Control

    There are a few non-selective herbicides that can be used on Stink grass, glufosinate (Finale) or glyphosate (round-up) are good post-emergent control applications on turf areas. The downside about using these two herbicides is that they will kill all green plants they come in contact with, and should not be applied in areas with desirable turf. There are a few post-emergent controls that can be used on Stink grass depending on the crop fields they are infesting. For post-emergent herbicide control over Stink grass is best applied when the plant has about 2 to 6 leaves on it. All the post-emergent herbicides listed below provide 80% or more control of Stink grass. For control in corn fields, herbicides with active ingredients nicosulfuron/rimsulfuron or just nicosulfuron work adequately. Finally, for good post-emergent control in soybeans, apply herbicides with active ingredients of quizalofop-p-ethyl, fluazifop-p-butyl or fenoxaprop-p-ethyl.

    References:

    https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=40719#null
    http://www.hear.org/pier/species/eragrostis_cilianensis.htm
    https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=27885
    https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=ERCI
    https://www.invasiveplantatlas.org/subject.html?sub=5596
    https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Grey%20Lovegrass.html
    https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/229648
    https://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/media/Html/eragrostis_cilianensis.htm
    https://portal.wiktrop.org/species/show/131
    http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-412374 
    https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/21629
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eragrostis_cilianensis
    https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/ERAME
    http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Eragrostis+cilianensis
    https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/grass-sedge-rush/stink-grass

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    Stinkgrass Scientific Classification

    Scientific Name: Eragrostis cilianensis

    Rank Scientific Name & (Common Name)
    Kingdom Plantae (Plants)
    Subkingdom Tracheobionta (Vascular plants)
    Infrakingdom Streptophyta  (land plants)
    Superdivision Spermatophyta (Seed plants)
    Division Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants)
    Sub Division Spermatophytina  (spermatophytes, seed plants, phanérogames)
    Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledons)
    Subclass Commelinidae
    Super Order Lilianae  (monocots, monocotyledons, monocotyledons)
    Order Cyperales
    Family Poaceae ⁄ Gramineae (Grass family)
    Genus Eragrostis von Wolf (lovegrass)
    Species Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vign. ex Janchen (stinkgrass)
    Synonyms
    • Briza caroliniana Walter, 1788
    • Briza eragrostis L.
    • Briza eragrostis var. megastachya Gareizo, 1847
    • Briza major L.
    • Briza major L. ex Kunth
    • Briza megastachya (Koeler) hort.
    • Briza megastachya (Koeler) hort. ex Roem. & Schult.
    • Briza megastachya Steud.
    • Briza oblonga Moench
    • Briza purpurascens Muhl.
    • Calotheca purpurascens (Muhl.) Spreng.
    • Eragrostis argentina Jedwabn.
    • Eragrostis articulata De Wild.
    • Eragrostis cilianensis (Bellardi) Link
    • Eragrostis cilianensis (Bellardi) Link ex Vignolo
    • Eragrostis cilianensis (Bellardi) Mosher
    • Eragrostis cilianensis f. leersioides (C.Presl) Maire
    • Eragrostis cilianensis f. megastachya (Koeler) Maire & Weiller
    • Eragrostis cilianensis subsp. major (Beck) Maire & Weiller
    • Eragrostis cilianensis subsp. megastachya (Koeler) Maire & Weiller
    • Eragrostis cilianensis subsp. starosselskyi (Grossh.) Tzvelev
    • Eragrostis cilianensis subsp. thyrsiflora (Willk. & Lange) H.Scholz & Valdés
    • Eragrostis cilianensis var. leersioides (C.Presl) Maire
    • Eragrostis cilianensis var. major (Beck) Maire
    • Eragrostis cilianensis var. minoroides P.Monts.
    • Eragrostis cilianensis var. starosselskyi (Grossh.) Dobignard & Portal
    • Eragrostis cilianensis var. subbiloba (Chiov.) Dobignard & Portal
    • Eragrostis cilianensis var. thyrsiflora (Willk. & Lange) Dobignard & Portal
    • Eragrostis costata B.L.Turner
    • Eragrostis costata F.Turner, 1906
    • Eragrostis eragrostis (L.) Blatt. & McCann
    • Eragrostis eragrostis (L.) MacMill.
    • Eragrostis eragrostis infrasubsp. publ
    • Eragrostis eragrostis var. megastachya (Koeler) Farw
    • Eragrostis flexuosa Steud.
    • Eragrostis leersioides (C.Presl) Guss.
    • Eragrostis leersioides (C.Presl) Steud.
    • Eragrostis leersioides var. leersioides
    • Eragrostis major Host
    • Eragrostis major var. conferta Ten.
    • Eragrostis major var. subbiloba (Chiov.) Chiov.
    • Eragrostis megalostachya (Koeler) St.-Lag.
    • Eragrostis megastachya (Koeler) Link
    • Eragrostis megastachya f. nana Lorentz & Niederl.
    • Eragrostis megastachya f. thessalonica Charrel, 1892
    • Eragrostis megastachya var. acutiuscula Hack., 1909
    • Eragrostis megastachya var. cilianensis (All.) Asch. & Graebn.
    • Eragrostis megastachya var. compacta (Regel) Krylov
    • Eragrostis megastachya var. elongata Sennen & Pau
    • Eragrostis megastachya var. leersioides (C.Presl) Pant.
    • Eragrostis megastachya var. microstachya Coss., Germ. & Wedd., 1842
    • Eragrostis megastachya var. multiflora Rozevic
    • Eragrostis megastachya var. paucispicula A.Reyn., 1903
    • Eragrostis megastachya var. thyrsiflora Willk. & Lange
    • Eragrostis megastachya var. verrucosa Schltdl., 1852
    • Eragrostis minor var. major Beck
    • Eragrostis minor var. megastachya (A.Gray) Jeps., 1901
    • Eragrostis minor var. megastachya (Koeler) Burtt Davy
    • Eragrostis minor var. megastycha (Koeler) Burtt Davy
    • Eragrostis monodii A.Camus
    • Eragrostis multiflora f. violacea N.Terracc.
    • Eragrostis multiflora f. violacea N.Terracc. ex Chiov.
    • Eragrostis multiflora subsp. leersioides (C.Presl) K.Richt., 1890
    • Eragrostis multiflora var. cilianensis (All.) Maire
    • Eragrostis multiflora var. glandulifera Chiov.
    • Eragrostis multiflora var. insularis A.Terracc.
    • Eragrostis multiflora var. insularis Chiov.
    • Eragrostis multiflora var. leersioides (Guss.) Richt.
    • Eragrostis multiflora var. subbiloba Chiov.
    • Eragrostis multiflora var. triticea (C.Presl) Richt.
    • Eragrostis multiglandulosa H.Scholz
    • Eragrostis oblonga Baumg.
    • Eragrostis pappiana var. insularis (Chiov.) Mattei
    • Eragrostis pappiana var. insularis Terracciano
    • Eragrostis pappiana var. insularis Terracciano ex Chiov.
    • Eragrostis pappii Gand.
    • Eragrostis pilosa subsp. leersioides (C.Presl) K.Richt., 1890
    • Eragrostis pilosa subsp. triticea (C.Presl) K.Richt., 1890
    • Eragrostis poaeoides var. compacta Regel, 1868
    • Eragrostis poaeoides var. major (Host) Neilr., 1859
    • Eragrostis poaeoides var. megastachya (Koeler) A.Gray
    • Eragrostis polyadenia Mattei
    • Eragrostis polymorpha Roem. & Schult.
    • Eragrostis polysperma Peter
    • Eragrostis pooides var. compacta Regel
    • Eragrostis pooides var. megastachya (Koeler) A.Gray
    • Eragrostis schweinfurthiana Jedwabn.
    • Eragrostis starosselskyi Grossh.
    • Eragrostis thyrsiflora Willk. & Lange
    • Eragrostis thyrsiflora infrasubsp. publ
    • Eragrostis triticea (C.Presl) Steud.
    • Eragrostis virletii E.Fourn.
    • Eragrostis vulgaris C.Presl
    • Eragrostis vulgaris C.Presl ex Steud.
    • Eragrostis vulgaris subsp. major (Beck) Rouy
    • Eragrostis vulgaris subsp. megastachya (Koeler) Douin
    • Eragrostis vulgaris var. megastachya (Koeler) Coss. & Germ.
    • Erosion cilianense (All.) Lunell
    • Magastachya oblonga (Moench.) P.Beauv., 1812
    • Megastachya eragrostis (L.) C.Presl, 1820
    • Megastachya eragrostis (L.) Roem. & Schult.
    • Megastachya leersioides C.Presl
    • Megastachya oblonga P.Beauv.
    • Megastachya obtusa Schult.
    • Megastachya purpurascens (Muhl.) Schult.
    • Megastachya triticea C.Presl
    • Poa cachectica Schumach.
    • Poa caroliniana Biehler, 1807
    • Poa cathetica Schumach. & Thonn., 1827
    • Poa cilianensis All.
    • Poa cilianensis Bellardi
    • Poa eragrostis (L.) Brot.
    • Poa flava Willd.
    • Poa flava Willd. ex Steud.
    • Poa flexuosa Roxb.
    • Poa leersioides (C.Presl) Guss.
    • Poa megastachya Koeler
    • Poa megastachya var. densiflora Guss., 1832
    • Poa megastachya var. intermedia Guss., 1832
    • Poa megastachya var. minor Guss., 1832
    • Poa nuttallii Spreng.
    • Poa oblonga Baumg.
    • Poa obtusa Nutt.
    • Poa pennsylvanica Nutt.
    • Poa philadelphica W.P.C.Barton
    • Poa polymorpha J.Koenig
    • Poa polymorpha J.Koenig ex Rottler
    • Poa roxburghiana Schult.
    • Poa tortuosa Spreng.
    • Poa triticea (C.Presl) Guss.
    • Poa triticea (C.Presl) Kunth
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