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    Home»Herbs and Spices»Facts about Tiger Lily
    Herbs and Spices

    Facts about Tiger Lily

    By SylviaFebruary 10, 2020Updated:February 10, 2020No Comments10 Mins Read
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    Tiger Lily Quick Facts
    Name: Tiger Lily
    Scientific Name: Lilium lancifolium
    Origin Eastern temperate Asia mainly China, Japan and Korea
    Shapes 3-valved, loculicidal capsule, 3–4 cm across
    Taste Sweet, bitter
    Health benefits Beneficial for heart diseases, coughs, sore throats, palpitations, boils, bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, stress, anxiety and depression
    Tiger Lily scientifically known as Lilium lancifolium is an introduced herbaceous perennial in the Lily family (Liliaceae). It is an Asian species of lily, native to eastern temperate Asia—China (Anhui, Gansu, Guangxi, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Zhejiang), Japan and Korea. It is widely planted as an ornamental because of its showy orange-and-black flowers, and has become naturalized in numerous scattered locations in eastern North America (particularly in New England). It bears the proper common English name tiger lily, but that name has been applied to other species as well. Devil Lily, Easter Lily, Garden Lily, Japanese Show Lily, Kentan, Lance-Leaf Tiger Lily, Martagon, Tiger Lily, Leopard Lily, Pine Lily, Lilium catesbaei, Columbia lily, Oregon Lily, Western Wood Lily, Chalice-Cup Lily and Western Red Lily are few of the popular common names of the plant.

    Tiger lily is regarded as an emerging or potential environmental weed in Victoria. It was first recorded as naturalized in Victoria in 1985, where it was reported to be locally abundant in the Dandenong Ranges. Tiger lily is currently mainly found in cooler highland areas and may be a potential weed of the alpine and sub-alpine regions of south-eastern Australia. The tiger lily is usually gifted to others as a symbol of friendship. It is, however, also used as a symbol of wealth, pride, and prosperity. Its deep orange color symbolizes passion and love. There are several ancient stories of the tiger lily throughout Asian culture. One of these old myths tells the story of a hermit who found a tiger with an arrow jabbed into his body. The hermit attempted to remove the arrow and save the tiger, but the tiger died. However, the tiger told the grieving hermit that their friendship would survive after its death. Tiger’s body is then converted into the tiger lily flower, becoming an everlasting symbol of their friendship.

    Tiger Lily Facts

    Name Tiger Lily
    Scientific Name Lilium lancifolium
    Native Eastern temperate Asia—China (Anhui, Gansu, Guangxi, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Zhejiang), Japan and Korea
    Common Names Devil Lily, Easter Lily, Garden Lily, Japanese Show Lily, Kentan, Lance-Leaf Tiger Lily, Martagon, Tiger Lily, Leopard Lily, Pine Lily, Lilium catesbaei, Columbia lily, Oregon Lily, Western Wood Lily, Chalice-Cup Lily, Western Red Lily
    Name in Other Languages Brazil : Lírio-De-Tigre
    Bulgarian: Tigrov krem (тигров крем), tigrova liliya (тигрова лилия)
    Chinese : Juan-Dan, Chuan-Tan, Bai-He, Pai-Ho, Suan-Nao-Shu
    Czech : Lilie Tygrovaná
    Danish : Tiger-Lilje
    Dutch : Tijgerlelie
    English:  Easter Lily, Devil lily, Kentan, martagon, Tiger lily, Lance-leaved tiger lily
    Finnish : Tiikerililja
    French : Lis Elegant, Lis tigré
    German : Tiger-Lilie
    Hungarian: Tigrisliliom
    India : Liliyama Lancifolium
    Italian : Giglio Cinese, Giglio Tigrino
    Japanese : Oni-Yuri (オニユリ)
    Korean : Chamnari
    Malayalam: Taigar lilli (ടൈഗർ ലില്ലി)
    Norwegian : Tigerlilje
    Persian: لیلیوم لانکیفلیوم
    Polish : Lilia Tygrysia
    Portuguese : Laço De Ouro, Laço De Prata, Lírio Tigrino, lírio-de-tigre
    Russian : Lilija Tigrinaja, Liliya lantsetolistnaya (Лилия ланцетолистная)
    Slovak: Lalia tigrovaná
    Spanish : Lirio De Tigre
    Swedish : Sen Tigerlilja, Tigerlilja, Tiikerilija
    Turkish : Kaplan Zambağı, Türk Zambağı, Zambak
    Vietnamese : Hoa Lo Kèn Vằn, Loa Kèn Vằn, Quyển Ðơn
    Plant Growth Habit Hardy, vigorous, bulbous herbaceous, perennial plant
    Growing Climates Woods, thickets, river banks, grassy slopes in lowlands, hillsides and mountains, buildings, cemetery prairies, savannas, abandoned homestead sites, vacant lots in urban areas, roadsides, and areas along railroads
    Soil Grows well in full sun, in well-drained, humus-rich loamy soil
    Plant Size About 1 to 1.5 meters tall and can reach a width of 30 to 60 centimeters
    Bulb Ovate to spherical, 4–8 cm across, scales broadly ovate, 2 cm long and wide, unsegmented
    Stem 0.8–1.5 m, erect, unbranched, light green, purplish green, or purple, terete, and moderately woolly-hairy to glabrous
    Leaf Alternate, cauline, linear lanceolate, 3–8 cm long. 1.5–2 cm wide, distal leaves bearing purplish black bulbils at axils
    Flowering season August to September
    Flower Showy, 3–6(−20) in a nodding raceme, to 12 cm across, subtended by leafy bracts, orange-red spotted purple black, perianth segments 6 funnel form, strongly reflexed, each with a vasal nectar-bearing gland; stamens 6, anthers versatile
    Fruit Shape & Size 3-valved, loculicidal capsule, 3–4 cm across, the margins of valves flat; seeds many, flat, in 2 rows in each cell
    Propagation By division, by planting stem bulblets, or planting the bulbils
    Flavor/Aroma Strong, sweet and distinctively lily smell
    Taste Sweet, bitter
    Plant Parts Used Bulb, flower
    Season September to October
    Precautions
    • The pollen is said to be poisonous, producing vomiting, drowsiness and purging.
    • Avoid use of this herb during diarrhea, loose stools and cold.
    • Avoid use in case you are suffering from phlegm cough.

    Plant Description

    Tiger Lily is a hardy, vigorous, bulbous herbaceous, perennial plant that normally grows about 1 to 1.5 meters tall and can reach a width of 30 to 60 centimeters. The plant is found growing in woods, thickets, river banks, grassy slopes in lowlands, hillsides and mountains, buildings, cemetery prairies, savannas, abandoned homestead sites, vacant lots in urban areas, roadsides and areas along railroads. The plant grows well in full sun, in well-drained, humus-rich loamy soil. It is widely cultivated in Asia for its edible bulbs and for medicinal uses. Stems are 0.8–1.5 m, erect, unbranched, light green, purplish green, or purple, terete, and moderately woolly-hairy to glabrous.

    Bulbs

    Bulbs are ovate to spherical, 4–8 cm across, scales broadly ovate, 2 cm long and wide and are unsegmented. Bulb is occasionally used as a vegetable, like a parsnip. It must be boiled as it can be quite toxic. Its bitterish taste is a lovely companion to stews and other thick dishes. It was grown as a root crop for many years on farms in Asia. The bulb is anti-inflammatory and used as a diuretic in some instances. They are used in Korea to treat coughs, sore throats, and heart palpitations.

    Leaves

    The alternate leaves along the stem are densely distributed in pseudo-whorls and widely spreading. The lower leaves are 4-6 inches long and ½-¾ inches across. They are medium green, linear-lanceolate, smooth along their margins, glabrous, and sessile. The tips of the lower leaves are acute. The upper leaves are 1½-3 inches long and ½-¾ inches across. They are medium green, narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate, smooth along their margins, and glabrous, clasping the stem at their bases. The tips of the upper leaves are blunt. Leaf venation is parallel. At the bases of upper leaves, there are 1-3 aerial bulblets that are black to dark purple, ovoid in shape, up to ½ inches long, and sessile. Each bulblet consists of a single scale or 2-3 partially merged scales.

    Tiger Lily Image Gallery
    Closer-view-of-bulb-of-Tiger-Lily Closer-view-of-bulb-of-Tiger-Lily
    Flowering-buds-of-Tiger-Lily Flowering-buds-of-Tiger-Lily
    Flowers-of-Tiger-Lily Flowers-of-Tiger-Lily
    Leaves-of-Tiger-Lily Leaves-of-Tiger-Lily
    Plant-Illustration-of-Tiger-Lily Plant-Illustration-of-Tiger-Lily
    Seeds-of-Tiger-Lily Seeds-of-Tiger-Lily
    Sketch-of-Tiger-Lily Sketch-of-Tiger-Lily
    Tiger-Lily-Bulb Tiger-Lily-Bulb
    Tiger-Lily-FLower-essence Tiger-Lily-FLower-essence

    Flowers

    Each flower consists of 6 strongly recurved tepals that are orange to orange-red, 6 strongly exerted stamens, a strongly exerted style with a tripartite stigma, and an ovary. Tepals are narrowly lanceolate and they have dark purple or maroon spots throughout their anterior (frontal) sides. The tips of the tepals bend backward toward the base of the corolla or a little behind the corolla. The style and filaments of the stamens are whitish orange and filiform. Anthers are long, narrow, and dark-colored; their pollen is rust-colored. Blooming period occurs during mid- to late summer, lasting about 1-1½ months. Individual flowers are short-lived, but they are produced in succession. There is little or no floral scent. Because most cultivated and naturalized plants in North America are sterile triploids, usually no seed capsules are produced. Fertile flowers are followed by 3-valved, loculicidal capsule, 3–4 cm across, the margins of valves flat; seeds many, flat, in 2 rows in each cell.

    Tincture is commonly made from the flower, harvested only in full bloom, and is used to treat congestion and sometimes to help with nausea. Some believe the flower can be used to treat heart disease. In ancient Asia, it was thought to help deal with issues of aggressivity. Somewhat paradoxically, the tiger lily is very toxic to cats, leading to symptoms of lethargy, vomiting, possible kidney failure, and even death. There is no known toxicity to other species.

    History

    Tiger lily is native to eastern temperate Asia mostly China (Anhui, Gansu, Guangxi, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Xizang, Zhejiang), Japan and Korea. The species has also naturalized in other temperate regions of the world (e.g. northern and eastern USA, Canada and New Zealand). It has been introduced and grown as ornamental in subtropical and temperate areas elsewhere.

    This species is also a widespread but sporadic garden escape in eastern and north-eastern North America, and seems to be naturalized mainly along roadsides in the cooler and wetter regions of this continent. However, there is one very recent report of thousands of tiger lilies growing in large patches in natural vegetation on a mountain-top in North Carolina. It is also a weed of roadsides, waste places, cemeteries and bush margins in New Zealand.

    Traditional uses and benefits of Tiger Lily

    • Bulb is anti-inflammatory, diuretic, emmenogogue, emollient and expectorant.
    • They are used to relieve heart diseases, pain in the cardiac region and angina pectoris and prescribed for the treatment of myopic astigmatism and to strengthen the eyelid muscles.
    • They are used in traditional medicine to treat coughs, sore throats, palpitations and boils and also commonly used to treat bronchitis, pneumonia, etc. in Korea
    • It has a sedative influence and is used for cough and tuberculosis.
    • The flowers are carminative.
    • Tincture made from the flowering plant, harvested when in full flower, is used in the therapy of uterine neuralgia, congestion, irritation and the nausea of pregnancy.
    • It relieves the bearing-down pain accompanying uterine prolapse and is an important remedy in ovarian neuralgia.
    • Flowers are used to strengthen the eye-lid muscles and are much-admired in the treatment of myopic astigmatism.
    • Tiger Lily flower essence helps in suppressing aggressive tendencies in individuals and helps in holistic healing.
    • Tincture also helps reduce vaginal and pelvic inflammation, and relieve pain from menstrual, fibroids, or menopausal symptoms.
    • Tiger Lilies help in relieving stress, anxiety, and depression.
    • Tiger Lily soup or tea works best, while perfumes or sachets can be used to calm or suppress anxiety.

    Culinary Uses

    • Tiger lily bulbs and flowers (with stamens removed) are edible.
    • Flower is used either fresh or cooked in salads, soup rice dishes or dried and used as spice for seasoning.
    • Flowers add a delicate flavor to salad and other dishes.
    • Fleshy scales of the bulb are eaten fresh or cooked in Chinese cooking.
    • They are traditionally eaten in the summer season and are deemed to have a cooling effect.
    • The starch-rich bulbs may also be baked, grated or ground into flour.
    • The bulb is also pickled.
    • Bulb when properly cooked are highly valued as a vegetable and somewhat resemble parsnips in flavor.
    • Bulb can be dried and ground into powder.
    • Flowers can be consumed raw or cooked.
    • Flowers can be used fresh or dried in salads, soups, rice dishes etc.

    Other Facts

    • Tiger lily is cultivated as a popular ornamental plant and as a medicinal plant.
    • Tiger Lily was first described by the famous Swedish botanist Carl von Linne (Linnaeus) in 1753.
    • Tiger Lily has some toxic effects on cats. It can produce vomiting, in appetence, lethargy, kidney failure, and even death.
    • Tiger lily is sometimes called the “Ditch Lily,” as it is commonly found growing in the wild, in ditches.
    • In the language of flowers, tiger lilies represent wealth and prosperity.
    • There is a misconception that smelling tiger lilies will give you freckles.

    References:

    https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=503455#null

    https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?LatinName=Lilium+lancifolium

    https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=LILA8

    http://floraofalabama.org/Plant.aspx?id=4481&display=photos

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilium_lancifolium

    http://mgb.cimmyt.org/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=104679

    https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q266317

    https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=104679

    https://en.hortipedia.com/index.php?title=Lilium_lancifolium&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile

    https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/LILLA

    http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-279922?ref=tpl1

    https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/tiger-lily

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    Tiger Lily Scientific Classification

    Scientific Name: Lilium lancifolium

    Rank Scientific Name & (Common Name)
    Kingdom Plantae (Plants)
    Subkingdom Tracheobionta (Vascular plants)
    Infrakingdom Streptophyta  (land plants)
    Super Division Spermatophyta (Seed plants)
    Division Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants)
    Sub Division Spermatophytina  (spermatophytes, seed plants, phanérogames)
    Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledons)
    Sub Class Liliidae
    Super Order Lilianae  (monocots, monocotyledons, monocotylédones)
    Order Liliales
    Family Liliaceae (Lily family)
    Genus Lilium L. (lily)
    Species Lilium lancifolium Thunb. (tiger lily)
    Synonyms
    • Lilium lancifolium subsp. album Hovey
    • Lilium lancifolium subsp. melpomene Hovey
    • Lilium lancifolium var. densum W.Bull
    • Lilium lancifolium var. flaviflorum Makino
    • Lilium lancifolium var. fortunei (Standish) V.A.Matthews
    • Lilium lancifolium var. splendens (Van Houtte) V.A.Matthews
    • Lilium leopoldii Baker
    • Lilium lishmannii T.Moore
    • Lilium tigrinum Ker Gawl.
    • Lilium tigrinum var. erectum G.F.Wilson
    • Lilium tigrinum var. fortunei Standish
    • Lilium tigrinum var. plenescens Waugh
    • Lilium tigrinum var. splendens Van Houtte
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