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    Home»Herbs and Spices»Facts about Wall Lettuce
    Herbs and Spices

    Facts about Wall Lettuce

    By SylviaMarch 21, 2021Updated:March 21, 2021No Comments6 Mins Read
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    Lactuca muralis, or Mycelis muralis (L.) Dumort commonly known as wall Lettuce is a perennial flowering plant of the genus Lactuca in the family Asteraceae, subfamily Cichorioideae, tribe Cichorieae. Members of this tribe have flowers composed of either ray florets or disk florets, but never both. Wall Lettuce has always been easy to identify because it has only 5 petals on its ray flower, unlike any similar species. The plant is native to southern Europe and western Asia; it is invasive in Alaska and the Pacific Northwest. It has been found from eastern Canada south to New York and west to Minnesota. In New England, it is currently mapped in Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont. It can be found in woodlands, especially Beech. It is also found in cancerous soils, and walls. Apart from wall lettuce it is also known as ivy-leaved lettuce. The specific Latin epithet muralist is understood as growing on walls.

    Wall Lettuce Facts

    Wall Lettuce Quick Facts
    Name: Wall Lettuce
    Scientific Name: Lactuca muralis
    Origin Southern Europe and western Asia
    Colors Black or brown
    Shapes Short beaked, spindle shaped, achene’s that are approximately 0.13 in. (0.33 cm) long
    Name Wall Lettuce
    Scientific Name Lactuca muralis
    Native Southern Europe and western Asia, wall lettuce is invasive in Alaska and the Pacific Northwest. It has been found from eastern Canada south to New York and west to Minnesota. In New England, it is currently mapped in Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Vermont
    Common Names Wall lettuce, ivy-leaved lettuce
    Name in Other Languages Albanian: Micel i murit
    Armenian: Mits’elis pati (Միցելիս պատի)
    Bulgarian: Stenna salata (Стенна салата)
    Catalan: lletuga de bosc, cicèrbita
    Croatian: Salatika, Šalatika, zidna salatika
    Czech: Mléčka zední
    Danish: Skovsalat, Skov-salat
    Dutch: Muurlatuw, muursla
    English:  Wall lettuce, ivy-leaved lettuce
    Estonian: Harilik jänesesalat
    Finnish:  Jänönsalaatti,  Vuohenkaali
    French:  Laitue des murs, laitue des murailles, mycélis des murs, pendrille, phénope des murailles, phénope des murs
    German:  Mauerlattich, Mauer-Lattich, Mauersalat, zarter Mauerlattich, Gewöhnlicher Mauerlattich
    Hungarian: Kakicsvirág
    Irish: Leitís bhalla
    Italian: Lattuga dei boschi, lattuga Montana
    Latvian: Mūru mežsalāts
    Lithuanian: Miškinė zuiksalotė, Zuiksalotė
    Moldovian: Sosai peduryets mural (Сусай пэдурец мурал)
    Norwegian: Skogsalat
    Polish: Salatnik leśny
    Romanian: Susai pădureț, Сусай пэдурец мурал
    Russian: lzhelatuk stennoĭ (лжелатук стенной), mitselis stennoĭ (мицелис стенной), molokan stennoĭ (молокан стенной)
    Serbian: Ajduk-trava, Ajdučica, Ajdučka loćika, Ajdučka trava, Meledina, Hajdučko zelje, ајдучица
    Slovak: Mliečka múrová, šalátovka múrová
    Slovenian: Mlejčni osat, Mlenčnica, Mlečni oset, Hajdušica, navadni zajčji lapuh
    Spanish: Lechuga de los muros, lechuguilla de muro, lechuguina de las peñas
    Swedish:  Skogssallat, Jänönsalaatti
    Turkish: Divar marulu
    Ukrainian: Mitselis stinnyy (міцеліс стінний)
    Welsh: Gwylaeth y fagwyr
    Plant Growth Habit Slender, hairless, biennial or perennial, herbaceous, flowering plant
    Growing Climates Shady spruce woods and rich mixed swamps, broad-leaved forests on the lower parts of mountains and rocky places, stream valleys, springs, clear-fell areas, beside walls and ruins, parks, gardens, pavements, roadsides, fields, waste lots, walls, rocks, sometimes in beech woods
    Plant Size About 25 to 150 cm (10 to 59 in) tall
    Stem Erect, 2-3 ft. (0.6-0.9 m) tall, branched above and may one or more stems from a fibrous root. The stem surface is glabrous, often glaucous, and exudes milky juice when broken.
    Leaf Lower leaves are lyre-shaped, pinnate shaped. The lobes are triangular in shape, the terminal lobe being the largest. The upper leaves are stalkless, smaller, less lobed and they clasp the stems with rounded toothed lobes. All leaves are red-tinged.
    Flowering season July to September
    Flower Flower heads are yellow, small, 1 cm (1⁄2 in) wide more or less, on branches 90 degrees to the main stem
    Fruit Shape & Size Short beaked, spindle shaped, achene’s that are approximately 0.13 in. (0.33 cm) long
    Fruit Color Black or brown
    Propagation By Seed
    Culinary Uses
    • Leaves raw are used in mixed salads.
    Other Facts
    • Plant may produce up to 500 seeds in shaded sites and up to 11,500 seeds in open sites.

    Plant Description

    Wall Lettuce is a slender, hairless, biennial or perennial, herbaceous, flowering plant that normally grows about 25 to 150 cm (10 to 59 in) tall. The plant is found growing in shady spruce woods and rich mixed swamps, broad-leaved forests on the lower parts of mountains and rocky places, stream valleys, springs, clear-fell areas, beside walls and ruins, parks, gardens, pavements, roadsides, fields, waste lots, walls, rocks, sometimes in beech woods. Stems are erect, 2-3 ft. (0.6-0.9 m) tall, branched above and may one or more stems from a fibrous root. The stem surface is glabrous, often glucose, and exudes milky juice when broken.

    Leaves

    The lower leaves are lyre-shaped, pinnate shaped about 2.5-7 in. (6.4-17.8 cm) long, 1-3 in. (2.5-7.6 cm) wide, glabrous and deeply lobed, with broad, terminal segments. The lobes are triangular in shape, the terminal lobe being the largest. The upper leaves are stalked less, smaller, less lobed and they clasp the stems with rounded toothed lobes. All leaves are red-tinged.

    Wall Lettuce Image Gallery
    Small-Wall-Lettuce-Plant Small-Wall-Lettuce-Plant
    Wall-Lettuce-Flower Wall-Lettuce-Flower
    Closer-view-of-flower-of-Wall-Lettuce Closer-view-of-flower-of-Wall-Lettuce
    Plant-illustration-of-Wall-Lettuce Plant-illustration-of-Wall-Lettuce
    Leaves-of-Wall-Lettuce Leaves-of-Wall-Lettuce
    Sketch-of-Wall-Lettuce Sketch-of-Wall-Lettuce
    Wall-Lettuce-Fruit Wall-Lettuce-Fruit
    Wall-Lettuce-Plant-growing-wild Wall-Lettuce-Plant-growing-wild
    Wall-Lettuce-Plant Wall-Lettuce-Plant

    Flower

    The flower heads are yellow, small, 1 cm (1⁄2 in) wide more or less, on branches 90 degrees to the main stem. It flowers from June until September. It has 5 yellow ray florets.

    Its main characteristic is an open airy clump of yellow flowers. Each flower is actually a composite flower, consisting of five petal-like flowers (strap or ray flowers), each approximately 5–7 mm (0.20–0.28 in) in length. There are no disc flowers.

    Fruit

    Fertile flowers are followed by short beaked, spindle shaped, achene’s that are approximately 0.13 in. (0.33 cm) long, several-nerved, and black or brown. The papas have simple white hairs, the inner longer than the outer that may disperse seeds long distances by wind.

    Controlling Methods

    It’s easy to pull it once you know how to spot it. Wear gloves, since the milky sap can irritate some people’s skin. Pull gently and firmly by the base of the stem and it should pop out; or use a trowel if you need leverage. If the plant has a flower or wispy seed heads, pull them off and put in a plastic bag for disposal; the rest of the plant can be composted, left on the ground to dry, or placed in a black plastic bag or a tarp to prevent re-growth.

    References:

    https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=503893#null
    https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Lactuca+muralis
    https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=MYMU
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lactuca_muralis
    https://www.invasiveplantatlas.org/subject.html?sub=13084
    http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/gcc-116089
    https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/MYLMU
    https://gobotany.nativeplanttrust.org/species/mycelis/muralis/
    https://cisma-suasco.org/invasive/wall-lettuce/

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    Wall Lettuce Scientific Classification

    Scientific Name: Lactuca muralis

    Rank Scientific Name & (Common Name)
    Kingdom Plantae (Plants)
    Subkingdom Tracheobionta (Vascular plants)
    Infrakingdom Streptophyta  (land plants)
    Superdivision Spermatophyta (Seed plants)
    Division Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants)
    Sub Division Spermatophytina  (spermatophytes, seed plants, phanérogames)
    Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons)
    Subclass Asteridae
    Super Order Asteranae
    Order Asterales
    Family Asteraceae ⁄ Compositae (Aster family)
    Genus Mycelis Cass. (mycelis)
    Species Mycelis muralis (L.) Dumort. (wall-lettuce)
    Synonyms
    • Chondrilla erysimifolia (Willd.) Poir
    • Chondrilla muralis (L.) Lam
    • Chondrilla ruderalis Gaertn. ex Steud
    • Cicerbita muralis (L.) Wallr
    • Lactuca atlantica Pomel
    • Lactuca erysimifolia (Willd.) DC
    • Lapsana erysimifolia (Willd.) Thell
    • Mycelis angulosa Cass
    • Mycelis muralis (L.) Dumort
    • Mycelis muralis f. muralis
    • Phaenixopus muralis (L.) W.D.J.Koch
    • Phaenopus muralis (L.) Coss. & Germ
    • Prenanthes erysimifolia Willd
    • Prenanthes muralis L
    • Prenanthes parviflora Gilib
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