| Wild onion Quick Facts | |
|---|---|
| Name: | Wild onion |
| Scientific Name: | Allium vineale |
| Origin | North-western Africa, the Canary Islands, Europe and western Asia |
| Colors | Egg-shaped capsules |
| Taste | Delicious, sweet and pungent taste |
| Health benefits | Beneficial for Cancer, Problems with gut health, heart and brain health and Bone Health |
Plant Description
Wild onion (Allium vineale), also called scallions, and wild garlic, is a upright, erect, long-lived, perennial, herbaceous plant perennial plant in Liliaceae family that grows about 30-60 cm tall, but sometimes reaching up to 1 m in height. The plant is found growing in prairie remnants and other areas along railroads, degraded meadows near rivers or woodlands, woodland borders and thickets, vacant lots, grassy clay banks, poorly maintained lawns, and waste areas. The plant prefers heavy soil containing some clay. However, other kinds of soil are tolerated as well.
Root
The primary underground structure is a bulb (2/5 to 4/5 inch wide), which produces fibrous roots from the bottom surface. Bulbs are oval or rounded, and covered with a brittle, membranous, papery outer layer. Mature bulbs produce 2 types of underground bulb lets at the base. Soft-coated bulb lets (1/3 to 2/3 inch long) are white and teardrop-shaped, and can germinate the first autumn. Hard-coated bulb lets (1/2 inch long) are light brown, oval and flattened on one side, and germinate the following spring or later.
Stems
The smooth, waxy stems are erect, unbranched, slender, hairless and rounded, and can grow 1 to 3 1/2 feet high. Stems are usually solid, and become rigid with age.
Leaves
Basal leaves emerge from the bulb, and are 1/2 to 2 feet long, slender, smooth, hollow, and nearly round in cross section. Stem leaves are produced along the lower half of the stem, and are composed of a tubular sheath surrounding the stem and a smooth, hollow, grass-like blade. The blades are flattened at the base, but nearly round toward the end. The sheaths cover the lower half of the stem.
Flowers
Flowers or aerial bulblets are produced in dense spherical clusters (3/4 to 2 inches wide) at the tops of stems. Clusters are initially covered in a papery bract (spathe). Flowers are purplish to greenish (sometimes white), with 6 small petals, and are borne on short stalks above the bulblets. Aerial bulblets are commonly produced in place of some or all the flowers, and are oval or teardrop-shaped and very small (1/8 to 1/5 inch long). They are smooth, shiny, and often develop miniature, tail-like green leaves. Flowering normally takes place from June to July.
Fruits and Seeds
From the flowers, 2-seeded fruits are produced in egg-shaped small capsules also about 3-4 mm long. Seeds are about also about 3-4 mm long, flattened on one side, dull black, and wrinkled. Seeds start ripening from August to September.
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Health benefits of Wild onion
If you’re one of those expecting mothers who think you need to be chowing on oranges and pills to ensure sufficient intake of folate, firstly congratulations! Secondly, allium plants are excellent sources of natural folic acid. 100g of fresh leaves is just 30 calories! Those 30 calories is jam packed with many flavonoid antioxidants, fiber, vitamins and minerals like pyridoxine, folic acid, niacin, riboflavin, thiamin, carotenes, Zeaxanthin, lutein, and so much more. Together, they work to strengthen the immune system and protect the body from different types of cancer. Listed are few of the health benefits of Wild onion
1. Bone Health
Just 70 grams of Wild onion provides the daily recommended intake of Vitamin K, which has a potential role in bone health by promoting bone formation and strengthening activity. Sufficient vitamin K levels in the diet help limit neuronal damage in the brain which displays an established role in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
2. Protects your heart and brain
Wild onion decreases blood vessel stiffness by release of nitric oxide and brings a reduction in the total blood pressure. It prevents platelet clot formation and has fibrinolytic action in the blood vessels which helps decrease an overall risk of coronary artery disease, peripheral vascular diseases, and stroke. It decreases the production of bad cholesterol and makes your liver very happy. They’re also found to have strong antiviral, anti-fungal and antibacterial properties.
3. Cancer
Extracts from Wild onion leaves have been shown to prevent the growth of various types of cancers including breast, lung and colon cancer. In this regard, it is more beneficial than regular garlic.
4. Problems with gut health
Like its cultivated relative, Wild onion can be beneficial for gut flora. Your gut flora has an impact on multiple aspects of your mental and physical health.
Traditional uses and benefits of Wild onion
- Whole plant is anti-asthmatic, blood purifier, carminative, cathartic, diuretic, expectorant, hypotensive, stimulant and vasodilator.
- Tincture is used to prevent worms and colic in children, and also as a remedy for croup.
- Raw root can be eaten to reduce blood pressure and also to ease shortness of breath.
- They contain sulphur compounds and when added to the diet on a regular basis they help reduce blood cholesterol levels, act as a tonic to the digestive system and also tonify the circulatory system.
- It also may help to regulate blood sugar and is loaded with vitamins and minerals.
Culinary Uses
- Leaves raw or cooked are used as a garlic.
- Bulb is used as a flavoring.
- Leaves of wild garlic are foraged to make soups, sauces (similar to pesto), as well as cheeses.
- Leaves can also be eaten raw like salad greens.
- You can also chop them finely and add them to mashed potatoes the way you might add chives.
- Flowers are edible and can be used to garnish salads.
- Steamed leaf stalks with buds make an interesting alternative to spaghetti.
- Young fruits make a spicy condiment.
- Leaves can also be made into a puree with nuts, mustard leaves, olive oil and lemon juice to make a pesto that can be used with pasta or added as flavoring to stews, burgers and other meats.”
- Leaves could be wrapped around lamb or fish and grilled for a mild garlic flavor.
- During 19th century, wild garlic was used to flavor butter instead of salt.
- For a quick bite, the young leaves can be eaten with bread and butter.
- Leaves are eaten in spring salads dressed with oil and vinegar, cooked like spinach or made into a sour soup in Romania.
Other facts
- While Allium vineale has been suggested as a substitute for garlic, it has an unpleasant after taste compared to that of garlic.
- Juice of the plant is used as a moth repellent.
- Whole plant is said to repel insects and moles.
- Juice of the plant can be rubbed on exposed parts of the body to repel biting insects, scorpions etc.
Precautions
- There have been cases of poisoning caused by the consumption, in large quantities and by some mammals, of this species.
- Dogs seem to be particularly susceptible.
References:
https://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/31789/
https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=2416
https://pfaf.org/user/plant.aspx?LatinName=Allium+vineale
https://www.cabi.org/ISC/datasheet/4255
http://www.floracatalana.net/allium-vineale-l-
http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-296924
https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=ALVI
https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=42637#null
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allium_vineale
http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/weeds/plants/field_garlic.htm
http://www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/weedguide/single_weed.php?id=46