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    Home»Herbs and Spices»Canary grass-Phalaris canariensis
    Herbs and Spices

    Canary grass-Phalaris canariensis

    By s mAugust 29, 2019Updated:August 29, 2019No Comments4 Mins Read
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    Canary grass, Phalaris canariensis, is a shrubby plant that belongs to Poaceae family. It is native to Mediterranean region. It is mostly cultivated in Argentina and Canada. It is regarded as a promising cereal for human consumption due to its nutrients and nutraceutical value as well as for industrial purposes. It is commercially grown in various parts of world for birdseed.

    The coarse grass has erect and hairless stems usually 2 to 6 feet (0.61 to 1.83 meters) tall. Ligule is membranous and prominent about ¼ inches (0.64 cm) long and rounded at apex. The tapering leaf blades are 3 ½ to 10 inches (8.9 to 25.4 cm) long 1/4 to ¾ inches (0.64 to 1.91 cm) wide, flat and often harsh on both surfaces. Panicles are erect and sometimes slightly spreading ranging from 3 to 16 inches (7.6 to 40.6 cm) long with ½ to 1 ½ inches (1.3 to 3.8 cm) long. The flowers occur in dense clusters in May to mid-June or August. Initially, inflorescences are green or slightly purple then it becomes tan. Seeds are shiny brown. Seeds are also used as bird food and mixed with rapeseed and other seeds that cheapen it. It is kept in a dry place and away from vermin.

    It is one of the top four specialty crops cultivated in western Canada with over 400000 acres planted in this region. It extent throughout the entire northern hemisphere specifically in Asia, North America, Europe and North Africa. It prefers soils rich in nutrients with slightly acidic to neutral pH and also in wetlands. Usually, it is used in folk medicine for diabetes and hypertension treatments.

    Canary grass Image Gallery
    Flower Flower
    Leaves Leaves
    Plant Plant
    Seedling Seedling
    Seed-powder Seed-powder
    Seeds Seeds
    Stem Stem
    Whole-plant Whole-plant
    Plant-illustration Plant-illustration

    Health Benefits of Canary grass

    1. Cholesterol reduction

    Lipase enzyme helps to reduce cholesterol and triglyceride levels due to its cleansing effect on veins. It is helpful in preventing hypercholesterolemia. Take an infusion of Canary seeds for three days. Add a spoon of canary seed in a cup of boiling water and let it boil for four minutes. Remove it from heat and let it to stand. Filter it and drink.

    1. Lose weight

    Canary seed assist in losing weight. The lipase content makes it effective to include in diet. This enzyme helps to eliminate body fat. Moreover, it acts as a diuretic and food purification so it is consumed to eliminate liquids and toxins. Its fiber content helps to prevent constipation.

    1. Reduce inflammation

    Canary seed has anti-inflammatory properties which are found to be beneficial for kidneys, liver and pancreas. It is also a cure for bladder and kidney conditions such as cystitis. It reduces inflammatory proteins known as cytokines. It also lowers buildup of neutrophils, a white blood cell that accumulates during inflammation and has a crucial role in the development.

    1. Enhance mood

    It has tryptophan which shows antidepressant effect. The amino acid activates serotonin production which is known as hormone that enhance good mood and improve mental state.

    1. Reduce blood pressure

    In America, heart disease is the major cause for death. High blood pressure is the major cause for this disorder. Canary seeds can maintain normal blood pressure. The animal study shows that seed proteins inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme. Excess presence of this enzyme causes constriction of blood vessels resulting high blood pressure. This seeds also promotes production of nitric acid, a compound that helps to widen blood vessels. It also reduces blood pressure and heart rate.

    1. Oxidative stress

    Canary seeds have high content of antioxidants. It has several polyphenols and ferulic acid is the most abundant polyphenols in it. Antioxidants help to eliminate free radicals, harmful molecules which is responsible for cell damage known as oxidative stress. Oxidative stress has a crucial role in diabetes, heart disease and Alzheimer’s disease.

    1. Lowers obesity

    Obesity is directly associated with heart disease, cancers and type 2 diabetes. People with obesity should add canary seed to the diet as it pumps brakes on carbohydrate and lipid absorption. It inhibits obesity related enzymes such as lipoprotein lipase as well as pancreatic lipase. Canary seeds help in preventing weight gain.

    1. Maintains blood glucose levels

    Diabetes has become the seventh leading cause of death in the country. Add canary seeds to the diet to maintain normal blood glucose levels. It suppresses the carbohydrate absorption by acting on certain enzymes. It prevents diabetes and also manages so that the blood glucose won’t spike rapidly. Add it to the diet by sprinkling it on food, add it to smoothies or have it straight from the pack.

    Culinary uses

    • Cook the seeds or use it as a cereal to make porridge.
    • Ground it into flour and use for making puddings and cakes.
    • Young leaves are cooked as vegetables.

    References:

    https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=41336#null

    https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Phalaris+canariensis

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canary_grass

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalaris_arundinacea

    https://wiki.bugwood.org/Phalaris_canariensis/NJ

    https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/55423#tosummaryOfInvasiveness

    https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Phalaris_canariensis

    https://species.nbnatlas.org/species/NBNSYS0000002670

    https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/787a/2b8e506fc00863a5e4cd27a6cfd47bf57d23.pdf

    http://www.florajournal.com/archives/2017/vol5issue5/PartA/6-3-1-296.pdf

    https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PHCA5

    https://fromdoctor.com/benefits-and-properties-of-canary-seed.html

    https://m.dailyhunt.in/news/india/english/curejoy-epaper-curejoy/5+surprising+benefits+of+eating+birdseed-newsid-85094349

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    Name Canary grass
    Scientific Name Phalaris canariensis
    Native Mediterranean region
    Common/English Name Canary Grass, Annual canarygrass, Reed canary grass, Canary seed
    Name in Other Languages English: Canary grass, Seed Canary grass, Annual canarygrass, Birdseed grass, Common canarygrass;
    German: Kanariengras, Kanariengras, Echtes Glanzgras;
    Portuguese: Alpista, caniço-malhado;
    Spanish: Alpiste;
    French: Alpiste des Canaries;
    Japanese: kusa-yoshi;
    Spanish: hierba cinta, pasto cinto;
    Nederlands: Kanariezaad
    Plant Growth Habit Tall, perennial bunchgrass
    Plant Size 2 to 6 feet (0.61 to 1.83 m) tall
    Stem Erect, hairless
    Leaf Alternate, 3.5 – 10 inches long, 0.25 – 0.75inches wide
    Flowering Season July to September
    Flower Oval, 0.5 – 1.5 inches long
    Fruit shape & size 3-4 mm, 1.5 mm wide
    Fruit color Yellow to brown
    Seed Shiny brown

    Canary grass Scientific Classification

    Scientific Name: Phalaris canariensis

    Rank Scientific Name & (Common Name)
    Kingdom Plantae (Plants)
    Subkingdom Viridiplantae (Green plants)
    Infrakingdom Streptophyta  (Land plants)
    Superdivision Embryophyta
    Division Tracheophyta  (Vascular plants, tracheophytes)
    Class Magnoliopsida
    Subclass Commelinidae
    Order Poales
    Family Poaceae  (Grasses, graminées)
    Genus Phalaris L. (Canarygrass)
    Species Phalaris canariensis L. (Common canary grass, common canarygrass, annual canarygrass)
    Synonyms
    • Phalaris aquatica Delile
    • Phalaris aquatica Delile ex Boiss.
    • Phalaris avicularis Salisb.
    • Phalaris canariensis f. bracteata Jansen & Wacht.
    • Phalaris canariensis f. colorata Jansen & Wacht.
    • Phalaris canariensis f. vivipara Junge
    • Phalaris canariensis subsp. typica Posp
    • Phalaris canariensis var. debilis Tocl & Rohlena
    • Phalaris canariensis var. nigra Stokes
    • Phalaris canariensis var. subcylindrica Thell.
    • Phalaris canariensis var. tenuis Jansen & Wacht.
    • Phalaris canariensis var. villosula Jansen & Wacht.
    • Phalaris ovata Moench
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