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    Home»Herbs and Spices»Facts about Ceylon Caper
    Herbs and Spices

    Facts about Ceylon Caper

    By SylviaApril 3, 2019Updated:April 3, 2019No Comments4 Mins Read
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    Ceylon caper Quick Facts
    Name: Ceylon caper
    Scientific Name: Capparis zeylanica
    Origin India to Indo-China, Penin­sular Malaysia, Indonesia (Java, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Islands), and the Philippines
    Colors Initially green turning to red to purple as they mature
    Shapes Berry, globular to ellipsoid and measures up to 3-4 cm in diameter
    Taste Bitter, pungent
    Health benefits Beneficial for boils, swelling, hemorrhoids, improve appetite, indigestion, small pox, boils, cholera, colic, hemiplagia, neuralgia, sores, pneumonic & pleurisy
    Capparis zeylanica also known as Ceylon caper or Indian caper belonging to the family of Capparaceae is a climbing shrub common in the forests of the Indian subcontinent; no subspecies are listed in the Catalogue of Life. The plant is native to India to Indo-China, Penin­sular Malaysia, Indonesia (Java, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Islands), and the Philippines. Ceylon caper is a large, armed straggling, climbing shrub, usually seen 2 – 5 meters long, occasionally to 10 meters with zigzag branches which are tawny to brownish red pubescence. The plant is found growing in dry deciduous forests, hedges, brush woods, savannas, and forest borders, at low and medium altitudes. Thick stems have many climbing and drooping branches. The leaves are ovate to elliptical, and measure 4-10(-18) cm x 3-6(-9) cm. The base is acute or obtuse, acute at tip, leathery, with 0.5-1.5 cm long petiole, 3-6 mm long thorns and recurved.

    Flowers & Fruits

    Flowers are 2-5 in a row, which are rarely soli­tary, with stout pedicel and 1-2 cm long. Sepals are concave, 1 cm long and hairy while the petals are 0.9-1.6 cm long, thin, white to pink­ish, with the inner side turning darker later from pinkish to red. There are 30-50 stamens with 2.5-3.5 cm long filaments. They are pink but later turn to dark purple. Flowering normally takes place from March. The gynophore measures 2.5-4.5 cm and hairy only towards the base.  Fertile flowers are followed by berry that is globular to ellipsoid and measures up to 3-4 cm in diameter. Skin is woody-coriaceous. Fruits are initially green turning to red to purple as they mature. Fruits consist of numerous seeds that are globase embedded in fleshy pulp

    Ceylon caper Image Gallery
    Ceylon-caper-growing-wild Ceylon-caper-growing-wild
    Ceylon-caper-plant Ceylon-caper-plant
    Flower-of-Ceylon-caper Flower-of-Ceylon-caper
    Half-cut-unripe-fruit-of-Ceylon-caper Half-cut-unripe-fruit-of-Ceylon-caper
    Leaves-of-Ceylon-caper Leaves-of-Ceylon-caper
    Plant-Illustration-of-Ceylon-caper Plant-Illustration-of-Ceylon-caper
    Seeds-of-Ceylon-caper Seeds-of-Ceylon-caper
    Stem-&-bark-of-Ceylon-caper Stem-&-bark-of-Ceylon-caper
    Unripe-fruit-of-Ceylon-caper Unripe-fruit-of-Ceylon-caper
    Traditional uses and benefits of Ceylon caper

    • In the Philippines the leaves are used as a counter-irritant.
    • Leaves (rubbed with salt and sometimes pounded) are used on the forehead and/or the temples as a remedy for headache.
    • In Indo-China the plant is used for the same stimulant properties as the Cruciferae, also used as an antiscorbutic and for gastritis.
    • Young fruits are used to cure stomach ache.
    • In folk medicine, leaves used as cataplasm for boils, swelling and hemorrhoids.
    • Decoction of root-bark is used for vomiting and for improving the appetite.
    • Leaves also used to improve the appetite.
    • Leaves are made into a poultice for treating boils, swellings and hemorrhoids.
    • They are also used to reduce perspiration and to improve the appetite.
    • Decoction of the root-bark is used as a remedy for vomiting and to improve the appetite.
    • Root bark is ground with water, boiled and taken orally to treat indigestion.
    • Traditionally it is used as Antidote to snake  bite, to cure swelling of  testicle, small pox, boils, cholera, colic,  hemiplegia, neuralgia, sores, pneumonic & pleurisy.
    • Leaves are widely used as counter-irritant, febrifuge and as a cataplasm in swellings, boil and piles in Northern India.
    • Leaf and stem parts are as spasmolyte.
    • Root bark preparation is used as a sedative.
    • Leaves extract with black pepper powder is taken twice daily for the treatment of dysentery.
    • Leaves juice taken orally with cup of fresh gout milk for curing cough and cold.
    • For the treatment of diabetes ripe fruits are consumed twice for fortnight and during ingestion, stem bark extract is administered thrice daily.
    • Plant is also served as an appetizer prepared as a dipping paste with pepper, tamarind and garlic.
    • Grind the stem bark by adding 10 seeds of black pepper, 2 bulbs of garlic and mix it into 500 ml water. It is given twice daily for two days to cure colic.
    • Handful fresh roots, 50 g onions, 50 g Jaggery grind all together and make a bolus. Take it twice daily for 3 days to cure convulsive seizures.
    • Bark along with native spirit is given in Cholera.
    • In madras, decoction of leaves is used in Syphilis.
    • Root and bark pastes are applied together for rheumatic swellings.

    Culinary Uses

    • It was first time reported used as vegetable.
    • Seeds of the ripe fruits are eaten roasted.
    • Fruit pulps edible and can be pickled.

    References:

    http://www.globinmed.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=105064:capparis-zeylanica-l-r&catid=286&Itemid=357

    http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2697723

    https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/32086

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capparis_zeylanica

    https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Ceylon%20Caper.html

    http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Capparis+zeylanica

    https://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Capparis_zeylanica_(PROSEA)

    https://wikivisually.com/wiki/Capparis_zeylanica

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    Ceylon Caper Facts

    Name Ceylon Caper
    Scientific Name Capparis zeylanica
    Native India to Indo-China, Penin­sular Malaysia, Indonesia (Java, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Islands), and the Philippines
    Common Names Ceylon caper, Indian caper
    Name in Other Languages Assamese Gobindaphal
    Bengali: Asria, hingshra, kakdoni, kalikera, kijr, rohini, kalokera
    Burma: nah-ma-nee-tanyet
    Cambodia: Rook saa
    Chinese:  Niu yan jing, Chui Guo Teng
    English: Ceylon caper, Indian caper
    Gujarati: Govindakal (ગોવિંદકળ), Kakhbilado, Karrallura
    Hindi: Ardanda, Govindphal, bauri, gitoran, govindaphal, hins, his, jhiris, khalis
    Indonesia: Melada
    Irula: Kevisi kodi
    Kannada: aathundi kaayi, anthundhi kaayi, athendri, govinda phala, Mullukattari (ಮುಳ್ಳುಕತ್ತರಿ)
    Konkani: Vaghamti (वाघांटी)
    Malayalam: Karthotti, Gitoran, Elippayar
    Marathi: Ardandi, taramaathi, vaagathi, vaganthi, wag, wagati, Govindi (गोविंदी), Kaduvaghanti (कडूवाघांटी), Vaghanti (वाघांटी)
    Myanmar: Nah-ma-nee-tanyet
    Nepali: Ban kera (बन केरा)
    Oriya: Osara
    Others: Karwila (ਕਰਵੀਲਾ), Ban Kera, Karwilun, Ceylon Caper, Garna (ਗਰਨਾ), Wagati, Govind-phal, Kaatu Thotti, Gitoran, Elippayar
    Philippines: Halubagat-baging, tarabtab, baralauik
    Punjabi: Garna (ਗਰਨਾ), karwila (ਕਰਵੀਲਾ), karwilun (ਕਰਵੀਲੂੰ)
    Rajasthani: Gitoranj
    Sanskrit: Tapasapriya (तपसप्रिय), Vyaghra Nakhi (व्याघ्रनखी), Karambha (करम्भ)
    Tamil: Adondai, Tondai, atanday, atandam, Atandy, Ekkathari, Atontai (ஆதொண்ட), Karrotti (காற்றோட்டி), Suduthoratti, Suduthorati, Morandan
    Telegu: Adonda, arhonda, aradonda, aridonda, Arudonda (ఆరుదొండ)
    Thailand: Sa ae, yieo kai, thao lang maakkep
    Vietnam:  Gai den, cáp tích lan
    Plant Growth Habit Large, armed straggling, climbing shrub
    Growing Climates Dry deciduous forests, hedges, brush woods, savannas, forest borders, at low and medium altitudes
    Plant Size 2 – 5 meters long, occasionally to 10 meters
    Leaf Ovate to elliptical, and measure 4-10(-18) cm x 3-6(-9) cm. The base is acute or obtuse, acute at tip, leathery, with 0.5-1.5 cm long petiole, 3-6 mm long thorns and recurved
    Flowering season March
    Flower Flowers are 2-5 in a row, which are rarely soli­tary, with stout pedicel and 1-2 cm long. The sepals are concave, 1 cm long and hairy while the petals are 0.9-1.6 cm long, thin, white to pink­ish, with the inner side turning darker later from pinkish to red. There are 30-50 stamens with 2.5-3.5 cm long filaments. They are pink but later turn to dark purple
    Fruit Shape & Size Berry is globular to ellipsoid and measures up to 3-4 cm in diameter. skin woody-coriaceous, red to purple
    Fruit Color Initially green turning to red to purple as they mature
    Seed Numerous, globase, embedded in fleshy pulp
    Propagation By Seeds
    Taste Bitter, pungent
    Plant Parts Used Flowers, fruits, root, leaf, seed, bark
    Season October-November

    Ceylon caper Scientific Classification

    Scientific Name: Capparis zeylanica

    Rank Scientific Name & (Common Name)
    Kingdom Plantae (Plants)
    Subkingdom Tracheobionta (Vascular plants)
    Infrakingdom Streptophyta  (land plants)
    Class Magnoliopsida
    Order Brassicales
    Family Capparaceae
    Genus Capparis
    Species C. zeylanica
    Synonyms
    • Capparis acuminata Roxb.
    • Capparis aeylanica Roxb.
    • Capparis aurantioides Presl
    • Capparis baducca L.
    • Capparis brevispina var. rheedii (DC.) Thwaites
    • Capparis crassifolia Kurz
    • Capparis dealbata DC.
    • Capparis erythrodasys Miq.
    • Capparis formosa Wall.
    • Capparis hastigera Hance
    • Capparis hastigera var. obcordata Merr. & F.P.Metcalf
    • Capparis heyneana Wall. ex Wight & Arn.
    • Capparis horrida L.fil.
    • Capparis horrida var. erythrodasys (Miq.) Miq.
    • Capparis horrida var. paniculata Gagnep.
    • Capparis latifolia Craib
    • Capparis nemorosa Blanco
    • Capparis ovalifolia Zipp.
    • Capparis ovalifolia Zipp. ex Miq.
    • Capparis polymorpha Kurz
    • Capparis quadriflora DC.
    • Capparis rufescens Turcz.
    • Capparis subhorrida Craib
    • Capparis swinhoei Hance
    • Capparis terniflora DC.
    • Capparis wallichiana Wight & Arn.
    • Capparis wightiana Wall.
    • Capparis zeylanica var. pubipetala S.Y.Liu, X.Q.Ning & Y.F.Tan
    • Oligloron zeylanica (L.) Rafin.
    • Pleuteron baduca (L.) Rafin.
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