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    Home»Herbs and Spices»Facts about Crossvine
    Herbs and Spices

    Facts about Crossvine

    By SylviaSeptember 23, 2021Updated:September 23, 2021No Comments8 Mins Read
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    Bignonia capreolata popularly known as Crossvine and occasionally trumpet flower is a beautiful semi-evergreen, climbing, woody, vine in the genus Bignonia which consists of about 28 and 95 species and belongs to the family of the Bignoniaceae (Trumpet-creeper Family). The common name, crossvine, is derived from the shape of the pith in the vine’s stem when viewed in cross-section. The genus name Bignonia was named by the French botanist, Joseph Pitton de Tournefort to honor his friend Abbe’ Jean-Paul Bignon. The species epithet capreolata comes from the Latin word meaning tendrils. The plant is native throughout United States in the northeastern, north central, south central and southeastern regions. It is found from southern Ontario, south to Florida, west to Texas and Illinois. Few of the well-known common names of the plant are Quarter vine, Crossvine and Trumpet Flower.

    Crossvine Facts

    Crossvine Quick Facts
    Name: Crossvine
    Scientific Name: Bignonia capreolata
    Origin United States in the northeastern, north central, south central and southeastern regions. It is found from southern Ontario, south to Florida, west to Texas and Illinois
    Colors Initially green turning to brown as they mature
    Shapes Pod-like woody seed capsule that is approximately 6 inches long and 1 inch wide which mature in late summer
    Health benefits Support rheumatism, edema, headaches, diphtheria and also purify blood
    Name Crossvine
    Scientific Name Bignonia capreolata
    Native United States in the northeastern, north central, south central, and southeastern regions. It is found from southern Ontario, south to Florida, west to Texas and Illinois
    Common Names Quartervine, Crossvine, Trumpet Flower
    Name in Other Languages Afrikaans: Kruis wingerdstok
    Albanian: Hardhi kryq
    Amharic: Weyini teshageru (ወይን ተሻገሩ)
    Arabic: Eabr karama (عبر كرمة)               
    Armenian: Khach’i vort’                (խաչի որթ)
    Azerbaijani: Carpaz üzüm
    Bengali: Krasa latā (ক্রস লতা)
    Bulgarian: Krŭstosana loza (кръстосана лоза)
    Burmese: Hc pyit nwalpain ko hpyat (စပျစ်နွယ်ပင်ကိုဖြတ်)
    Chinese: Héng màn (横蔓)
    Croatian: Križna loza
    Czech: Kříž révy
    Danish: Kryds vin
    Dutch: Kruis wijnstok
    English: Quartervine, Crossvine, Trumpet Flower
    Esperanto: Kruci vinberujon
    Estonian: Rist viinapuu
    Filipino: Tumawid ng puno ng ubas
    Finnish: Rajat viiniköynnös
    French: Croix de vigne, bignone orange, bignone à vrilles             
    Georgian: Jvari vazi (ჯვარი ვაზი)
    German: Kreuzrebe, Kreuzranke
    Greek: Stavrós ampélou (σταυρός αμπέλου)
    Gujarati: Krōsa vēlō (ક્રોસ વેલો)
    Hausa: Gciye itacen inabi
    Hebrew: חוצה גפן פרח, ביגנוניית הקנוקנות
    Hindi: Bel ko paar karen (बेल को पार करें)
    Hungarian: Keresztező szőlő
    Icelandic: Kross vínviður
    Indonesian: Anggur silang
    Irish: Fíniúna tras
    Italian: Croce di vite, bignonia aranciata, tetrafilla
    Japanese: Tsurutsuru (つるつる), Tsuriganekazura (ツリガネカズラ)
    Javanese: Nyebrang Vine
    Kannada: Aḍḍa baḷḷi (ಅಡ್ಡ ಬಳ್ಳಿ)
    Kazakh: Kross jüzim (кросс жүзім)
    Korean: Keuloseu deong-gul (크로스 덩굴)
    Kurdish: Tîrêja xaçê
    Lao: Kham kheu (ຂ້າມເຄືອ)
    Latin: Vinea crucis
    Latvian: Krustu vīnogulāju
    Lithuanian: Kirsti vynmedį
    Macedonian: Krstot loz (крстот лоз)
    Malagasy: Miampita voaloboka
    Malay: Menyeberangi pokok anggur
    Malayalam: Krēās muntirivaḷḷi (ക്രോസ് മുന്തിരിവള്ളി)
    Maltese: Qasma tad-dwieli
    Marathi: Kros velee (क्रॉस वेली)
    Mongolian: Usan üzmiin usan üzmiin mod (усан үзмийн усан үзмийн мод)
    Nepali: Krasa dacha (क्रस दाख)
    Norwegian: Kryss vintreet          
    Oriya: ଦ୍ରାକ୍ଷାଲତା
    Pashto: کراس تاک
    Persian: تاک متقاطع
    Polish: Krzyż winorośli  
    Portuguese: Videira cruzada
    Punjabi: Karāsa vela (ਕਰਾਸ ਵੇਲ)
    Romanian: Cruce de viță de vie
    Russian: Krest loza (крест лоза)
    Serbian: Ukrštena loza (укрштена лоза)
    Sindhi: ڪراس وڻ
    Sinhala: Haras midi (හරස් මිදි)
    Slovenian: Križna trta
    Spanish: Vid cruzada
    Sudanese: Nyebrang vine
    Swedish: Kors vinstock
    Tajik: Tok az saliʙ (ток аз салиб)
    Tamil: Kuṟukku koṭi (குறுக்கு கொடி)
    Telugu: Krās vain (క్రాస్ వైన్)
    Thai: K̄ĥām t̄heāwạly̒ (ข้ามเถาวัลย์)
    Turkish: Capraz asma
    Ukrainian: Poperechna loza (поперечна лоза)
    Urdu: کراس بیل
    Uzbek: Uzum uzum
    Vietnamese: Cây nho chéo
    Welsh: Croes winwydden
    Zulu: Umvini wesiphambano
    Plant Growth Habit Beautiful semi-evergreen, perennial, climbing, woody vine
    Growing Climates Fences, arbors, walls, pillars or large trellises, as a groundcover, rich forests, swamps, along roadsides, fencerows, bottomland forests, floodplains, riverbanks, streamsides; less often in seasonally inundated swamps, wet thickets, and more mesic, upland forests
    Soil Prefers full sun and moist, acidic, well-drained soils for best flowering. It is adaptable to other soil conditions, including poorly drained soils, once established and it can do well in low light levels. It is drought tolerant
    Plant Size About 50 or more feet long
    Stem Squarish and reddish-purple
    Bark Grayish brown and scaly
    Leaf Leaves are semi evergreen, opposite, pinnately compound, with two basal, leaflets with a branched tendril between the two leaves. Leaflets are 6-15 cm long, 2-7 cm wide and have smooth edges (entire), narrowly tapered tips (acuminate), and a notch at the base that makes them heart-shaped (cordate).
    Flowering season From mid-March to mid-June
    Flower Flowers are bell-shaped with orange on the outside and yellow inside, have 5 irregular lobes, and are 4-5 cm long
    Fruit Shape & Size Pod-like woody seed capsule that is approximately 6 inches long and 1 inch wide which mature in late summer and persist into fall
    Fruit Color Initially green turning to brown as they mature
    Seed Capsule contains several rows of winged seed
    Propagation By seeds, root cuttings and soft wood cuttings

    Plant Description

    Crossvine is a beautiful, vigorous, semi-evergreen, perennial, climbing, woody vine that normally grows about 50 or more feet long and uses its tendrils to attach its self to trees or fences or through the tops of thickets. Tubers can grow to 10 cm in diameter. The stem is squarish and reddish-purple. The bark is grayish brown and scaly. When cut in cross section, the phloem forms a distinct “X” within the stem. The plant climbs by tendrils. The tips of the tendril have adhesive disks that allow the vine to attach itself to a tree or other available support such as a fence. The plant is found growing in fences, arbors, walls, pillars or large trellises, as a groundcover, rich forests, swamps, along roadsides, fencerows, bottomland forests, floodplains, riverbanks, stream sides; less often in seasonally inundated swamps, wet thickets, and more mesic, upland forests. The plant prefers full sun and moist, acidic, well-drained soils for best flowering. It is adaptable to other soil conditions, including poorly drained soils, once established and it can do well in low light levels. It is drought tolerant. Crossvine can spread aggressively through stolons and may need to be managed in garden or domestic settings.

    Leaves

    Leaves are semi evergreen, opposite, pinnately compound, with two basal, leaflets with a branched tendril between the two leaves. Leaflets are 6-15 cm long, 2-7 cm wide and have smooth edges (entire), narrowly tapered tips (acuminate), and a notch at the base that makes them heart-shaped (cordate). The foliage turns from a lustrous green in the growing season to a reddish purple in the winter. Buds are reddish-purple and less than 1 cm long.

    Leaf Arrangement Opposite
    Leaf Venation Brachidodrome
    Leaf Persistence Evergreen
    Leaf Type Even Pinnately compound
    Leaf Blade 5 – 10 cm
    Leaf Shape Lanceolate
    Leaf Margins Entire
    Leaf Textures Waxy
    Leaf Scent No Fragrance
    Color(growing season) Green
    Color(changing season) Green

     

    Flowers

    The flowers occur in clusters of two to five in the axils of the leaves. The flowers are trumpet shaped having 5 irregular lobes, and are 4-5 cm long. Flowers are commonly orange on the outside and yellow on the inside; rarely the flowers are yellow or a deep orange-red on the outside. Flowering occurs from mid-spring to late summer. The flowers are pollinated by the ruby-throated hummingbird and ants are commonly seen stealing nectar from the flowers.

    Flower Showiness True
    Flower Size Range 3 – 7
    Flower Type Solitary
    Flower Sexuality Monoecious (Bisexual)
    Flower Scent Pleasant
    Flower Color Yellow, Orange, Red
    Seasons Spring, Summer

    Fruit

    Fertile flowers are followed by pod-like woody seed capsule that is approximately 6 inches long and 1 inch wide which mature in late summer and persist into fall. Fruits are initially green turning to brown as they mature. Each capsule contains several rows of winged seed. Crossvine is often available from nurseries. Several horticultural selections are available with different colored flowers.

    Fruit Type Capsule
    Fruit Showiness False
    Fruit Size Range 3 – 7
    Fruit Colors Brown
    Seasons Spring, Summer
    Mature-fruit-of-Crossvine Mature-fruit-of-Crossvine
    Immature-fruit-of-Crossvine Immature-fruit-of-Crossvine
    Crossvine-growing-wild Crossvine-growing-wild
    Flowers-of-Crossvine Flowers-of-Crossvine
    Crossvine-plant Crossvine-plant
    Seeds-of-Crossvine Seeds-of-Crossvine
    Leaves-of-Crossvine Leaves-of-Crossvine
    Plant-Illustration-of-Crossvine Plant-Illustration-of-Crossvine
    Sketch-of-Crossvine Sketch-of-Crossvine
    Crossvine Image Gallery

    Traditional uses and benefits of Crossvine

    • Native Americans used crossvine as a remedy for numerous health ailments.
    • An infusion of leaves was used to purify blood.
    • Decoctions of leaves were used for rheumatism.
    • Decoctions of mashed bark were used to alleviate edema and headaches.
    • Individuals with diphtheria gargled a mashed root infusion.
    • Leaf was used by the Cherokee as a blood purifier or alterative herb.
    • The Koasati used the leaf for rheumatism and the bark was also used in baths as a remedy for headaches.

    Other Facts

    • The showy, fragrant flowers and unique leaves of crossvine make this plant appropriate for some gardening and landscaping needs.
    • The tubular flowers and large quantities of nectar produced by crossvine are attractants for hummingbirds and butterflies.
    • The best time to harvest crossvine seeds is in late summer when their pods have browned.
    • Once harvested the seeds can be stored for planting at a later day.
    • In the 18th century, it was considered to be a key ingredient in beer and other drinks that were used to purify the blood. There is no conclusive evidence of this.

    References:

    https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=34307#null

    https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=105186

    https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=w830

    https://plants.usda.gov/DocumentLibrary/plantguide/pdf/pg_bica.pdf

    https://www.fs.fed.us/wildflowers/plant-of-the-week/Bignonia_capreolata.shtml

    https://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/syllabi/308/Lists/Fourth%20Edition/Bignoniacapreolata.pdf

    https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/BIGCA

    http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-319861

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bignonia_capreolata

    https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=BICA

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    Crossvine Scientific Classification

    Scientific Name: Bignonia capreolata

    Rank Scientific Name & (Common Name)
    Kingdom Plantae (Plants)
    Subkingdom Tracheobionta (Vascular plants)
    Infrakingdom Streptophyta  (land plants)
    Superdivision Spermatophyta (Seed plants)
    Division Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants)
    Sub Division Spermatophytina  (spermatophytes, seed plants, phanérogames)
    Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons)
    Subclass Asteridae
    Super Order Asteranae
    Order Scrophulariales
    Family Bignoniaceae (Trumpet-creeper family)
    Genus Bignonia L. (bignonia)
    Species Bignonia capreolata L. (crossvine)
    Synonyms
    • Anisostichus capreolatus (L.) Bureau
    • Batocydia capreolata Mart. ex DC.
    • Bignonia capreolata f. lutea Heineke
    • Bignonia capreolata var. atro-sanguinea Hook.fil.
    • Doxantha capreolata (L.) Miers
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