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    Home»Vegetables»Dock – Rumex spp.
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    Dock – Rumex spp.

    By s mAugust 3, 2016Updated:July 18, 2017No Comments8 Mins Read
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    Dock---Rumex-spp.

    Dock Quick Facts
    Name: Dock
    Scientific Name: Rumex spp.
    Origin Native to Europe, it is available in United States, Australia, New Zealand and others.
    Colors Reddish-brown (Fruit)
    Shapes 3-angled achene, 2.5–3.5 mm (0.1–0.14 inch) (Fruit)
    Taste Sour (Raw leaves)
    Calories 29 Kcal./cup
    Major nutrients Vitamin C (70.89%)
    Iron (39.88%)
    Vitamin A (38.00%)
    Magnesium (32.62%)
    Manganese (20.17%)
    Health benefits Skin health, Enhances mood, Prevent eye ailments, Treat osteoporosis, Anti-oxidant activities
    More facts about Dock
    Rumex spp., commonly known as broadleaf dock, cushy-cows, butterdock, kettle dock, curly dock and smair dock, is a species of flowering plant in a buckwheat family Polygonaceae. It is native to Europe which is now available in United States, Australia, New Zealand and others. The three varieties of dock are: Curled dock, Western dock and Willow dock. It could be found on entire continents as pasture weed, grains and tillage cropland. This plant is considered as perennial weeds. It has alternate leaves with tough and unbranched stem. Dock does best in loamy fertile soils. It is a weed in lawns, orchards, home gardens, roadsides as well as waste areas. It is generally found on borders of woods, floodplains, buildings, and poorly drained as well as nutrient rich soils. It is common on acid soils and upland sites.

    Plant

    It is a perennial herbaceous plant that has tough, reddish and unbranched stem, reaching a height of 1-3 ft. The leaves are alternate, lanceolate to ovate and are 30 inches long. The flowers are small, greenish, and 5 mm across which blooms during June to October. The plant has a stout, branched and yellow taproot. The fruit has the size of 2.5–3.5 mm (0.1–0.14 inch); reddish-brown and 3-angled achene.

    Nutritional Value

    The serving size of 133 grams provides about 29 calories. It serves 2.66 grams of protein, 0.93 grams of fat and 3.9 grams of dietary fiber. It possesses various amounts of nutrients, minerals, vitamins and amino acids. The same amount provides 70.89% of Vitamin C, 29.88% of Iron, 28% of Vitamin A, 32.62% of Magnesium, 20.17% of Manganese, 19.33% of Copper etc.

    Dock Image Gallery
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    Plant-of-Dock Plant-of-Dock

    Health Benefits of Dock

    Since ancient times Dock is known as a medicinal plant and used in traditional medicines. It possess various antiscorbutic, astringent, cholagogue, depurative, homeopathy and laxative properties which has beneficial effects to maintain the overall health.

    1. Skin health

    The study conducted shows that high intake of Vitamin C helps to lower the appearance of wrinkles, skin dryness and also slows down the aging process. Vitamin C is vital for the tendons, skin, blood vessels and ligaments. It speeds up the healing process and also forms a scar tissue.

    The evidence shows that the skin cream with Vitamin C reduces the skin redness. The skin health could be maintained with proper diet rich in antioxidants which also help to prevent the skin cancer.

    1. Enhances mood

    Neurotransmitters depend on adequate amount of iron in the blood to maintain the positive mood. The mood depends upon the hormones balance such as serotonin, dopamine and others. When low levels of oxygen are present in the body, brain cannot synthesize properly.

    The deficiency in iron leads to bad sleep, poor mood, lack of motivation and low level of energy. The feelings of anxiety or mild depression are the contributor of iron deficiency.

    1. Prevent eye ailments

    Beta carotene in the form of Vitamin A helps to prevent macular degeneration which is one of the causes for the age related blindness. The study shows that an intake of vitamin E, vitamin C, vitamin E, copper and zinc reduced the chances of macular degeneration by 25 percent.

    The study also shows that an eye drops with Vitamin A helps to treat dry eyes effectively. An altered form of Vitamin A helps to slow down the growth of Stargardt’s disease which causes vision loss in young peoples.

    1. Treat osteoporosis

    Magnesium is required for the formation of bones, impact osteoblast activities as well as osteoclasts which helps to build the density of bones.

    Magnesium helps to maintain the balance of vitamin D in blood which manages bone homeostasis. The high intake of magnesium helps to increase the mineral density of bones. The high intake of magnesium prevents osteoporosis and magnesium deficiency.

    1. Anti-oxidant activities

    Manganese is vital for enzymes such a glutamine synthetase, arginase and manganese superoxide which acts as an antioxidants, reduce the oxidative stress as well as inflammation which can lead to cancer or heart disease. Deficiency of manganese helps to reduce pain, inflammation and stress which can cause various chronic ailments. The low level of manganese relates to low superoxide dismutase function which is the only enzyme to slow down the aging process and extend health.

    Manganese also assists in the bone formation including xylosyltransferases and glycosyltransferases. It also plays a vital role in converting the compounds into usable energy and nutrients in the body including amino acids and glucose.

    1. Treats anemia

    Iron and copper combines while synthesizing red blood cells and hemoglobin. The study shows that copper assists in the iron absorption from an intestinal tract releases iron in the liver where it is stored.

    Iron from the supplements or food sources are used to form red blood cells. When there is deficiency of copper, the level of iron also decreases which causes anemia that is caused due to the deficiency of iron. Anemia results in muscle aches, fatigue, impaired brain function and digestive problems.

    1. Prevent heart ailments

    Vitamin B6 helps to regulate the homocysteine levels in the blood.  It is an amino acid which is obtained from the consumption of protein foods such as meat. The presence of high homocysteine levels in the blood develops heart disease, inflammation and blood vessel disease that leads to heart attack.

    The intake of Vitamin B6 helps to reduce the homocysteine levels in the body and also recovers the blood vessel damage. Vitamin B6 helps to manage the cholesterol and blood pressure levels which are the two main causes for the heart disease.

    1. Detoxify the body

    Kidneys play a vital role in the body. It eliminates the excess organic molecules present in the blood. Phosphorus is essential for the functioning of kidneys and also detoxifies the body by removing the waste and toxins through the urination. Kidneys and digestive organs depend on the electrolytes such as potassium, phosphorus and magnesium to balance the level of water, sodium, uric acid and fat in the body.

    1. Kidney health

    The high intake of potassium helps to reduce the chances of kidney stones. The low level of potassium increases the chances of kidney stones because more amount of calcium is excreted through urine which must get pass through kidneys. Kidney stones are the deposits of calcium so the reduction of calcium in urine helps to counteract the painful kidney ailments.

    1. Assist digestion

    Fiber has a vital role in digestion because it adds bulk to the stool, eases to pass the waste through the digestive tract that helps to prevent constipation, indigestion and bloating. It enhances the digestion as the soluble fiber absorbs the water to evolve into viscous, glutinous substance and fermented by bacteria in digestive tract. Intake of an adequate amount of water is essential for the fiber to provide these effects.

    Traditional uses

    • Dock leaves are used as an aid for the nettles sting in Western Europe.
    • The roots and leaves are used in traditional Austrian medicine internally to treat viral infections.
    • The milk in the dock leaf contains tannins as well as oxalic acid which are considered as an astringent.
    • The leaves are also used to soothe blisters, burns and nettle stings.
    • The tea which is prepared from root is used to cure the boils.

    Precautions

    • Plants can contain high amount of oxalic acid, so it should not be consumed in large quantity because the nutrients could be lock-up and cause mineral deficiencies.
    • The people rheumatism, gout, arthritis, hyperacidity or kidney stones should be careful to include this plant in the diet because it can worsen the existing condition.
    • The pregnant and breast feeding mothers should also avoid this plant.

    How to Eat         

    • It could be dried to use later.
    • The leaves are cooked as a potherb, added to salads.
    • The stems and seeds could be consumed either raw or cooked.
    • Seeds are used as piñole, grounded into a powder and used to make pancakes as flour.
    • The seed is roasted or a perfect substitute for coffee.
    • The leaves during young are consumed as greens.

    Other Facts        

    • The leaves become bitter early and contain a laxative effect.
    • The leaves help to soothe blisters, burns, and nettle stings.
    • It was known as butter dock during old times as the large leaves was used to wrap butter.
    • In North America, there are 25 species of Dock.
    • The leaves of Dock contain oxalic acid which is also found in spinach as well as beets.
    • When the leaves grow older, it possesses a sour taste.
    • It is widely cultivated in Southwestern United States as a great source of tannin.

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    Dock Scientific Classification

    Scientific Name: Rumex spp.

    Rank Scientific Name & (Common Name)
    Kingdom Plantae (Plants)
    Subkingdom Tracheobionta (Vascular plants)
    Superdivision Spermatophyta (Seed plants)
    Division Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants)
    Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons)
    Subclass Caryophyllidae
    Order Polygonales
    Family Polygonaceae (Buckwheat family)
    Genus Rumex L. (Dock)
    • Raw
    • Without salt
    • With salt
    Nutritional value of Dock, raw
    Serving Size: 1 Cup chopped, 133 g

    Calories 29 Kcal. Calories from Fat 8.37 Kcal.

    Proximity Amount % DV
    Water 123.69 g N/D
    Energy 29 Kcal N/D
    Energy 122 kJ N/D
    Protein 2.66 g 5.32%
    Total Fat (lipid) 0.93 g 2.66%
    Ash 1.46 g N/D
    Carbohydrate 4.26 g 3.28%
    Total dietary Fiber 3.9 g 10.26%

    Minerals Amount % DV
    Calcium, Ca 59 mg 5.90%
    Iron, Fe 3.19 mg 39.88%
    Magnesium, Mg 137 mg 32.62%
    Phosphorus, P 84 mg 12.00%
    Potassium, K 519 mg 11.04%
    Sodium, Na 5 mg 0.33%
    Zinc, Zn 0.27 mg 2.45%
    Copper, Cu 0.174 mg 19.33%
    Manganese, Mn 0.464 mg 20.17%
    Selenium, Se 1.2 µg 2.18%


    Vitamins Amount % DV
    Water soluble Vitamins
    Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) 0.053 mg 4.42%
    Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) 0.133 mg 10.23%
    Vitamin B3 (Niacin) 0.665 mg 4.16%
    Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid) 0.055 mg 1.10%
    Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) 0.162 mg 12.46%
    Vitamin B9 (Folate) 17 µg 4.25%
    Folic Acid 0 µg N/D
    Folate, food 17 µg N/D
    Folate, DEF 17 µg N/D
    Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) 63.8 mg 70.89%
    Fat soluble Vitamins
    Vitamin A, RAE 266 µg 38.00%
    Vitamin A, IU 5320 IU N/D

    Amino acids Amount % DV
    Threonine 0.125 g 7.10%
    Isoleucine 0.136 g 8.13%
    Leucine 0.222 g 6.01%
    Lysine 0.153 g 4.58%
    Methionine 0.047 g N/D
    Phenylalanine 0.152 g N/D
    Tyrosine 0.11 g N/D
    Valine 0.177 g 8.38%
    Arginine 0.144 g N/D
    Histidine 0.072 g 5.84%
    Alanine 0.176 g N/D
    Aspartic acid 0.241 g N/D
    Glutamic acid 0.287 g N/D
    Glycine 0.152 g N/D
    Proline 0.154 g N/D
    Serine 0.102 g N/D

    Flavonols Amount % DV
    Kaempferol 13.7 mg N/D
    Myricetin 7.6 mg N/D
    Quercetin 114.6 mg N/D

    *Above mentioned Percent Daily Values (%DVs) are based on 2,000 calorie diet intake. Daily values (DVs) may be different depending upon your daily calorie needs. Mentioned values are recommended by a U.S. Department of Agriculture. They are not healthbenefitstimes.com recommendations. Calculations are based on average age of 19 to 50 years and weighs 194 lbs.

    Source:
    https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/

    Nutritional value of Dock cooked, boiled, drained without salt
    Serving Size: 1 Value, 100 g

    Calories 20 Kcal. Calories from Fat 5.76 Kcal.

    Proximity Amount % DV
    Water 93.6 g N/D
    Energy 20 Kcal N/D
    Energy 84 kJ N/D
    Protein 1.83 g 3.66%
    Total Fat (lipid) 0.64 g 1.83%
    Ash 1.01 g N/D
    Carbohydrate 2.93 g 2.25%
    Total dietary Fiber 2.6 g 6.84%

    Minerals Amount % DV
    Calcium, Ca 38 mg 3.80%
    Iron, Fe 2.08 mg 26.00%
    Magnesium, Mg 89 mg 21.19%
    Phosphorus, P 52 mg 7.43%
    Potassium, K 321 mg 6.83%
    Sodium, Na 3 mg 0.20%
    Zinc, Zn 0.17 mg 1.55%
    Copper, Cu 0.114 mg 12.67%
    Manganese, Mn 0.303 mg 13.17%
    Selenium, Se 0.9 µg 1.64%


    Vitamins Amount % DV
    Water soluble Vitamins
    Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) 0.034 mg 2.83%
    Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) 0.086 mg 6.62%
    Vitamin B3 (Niacin) 0.411 mg 2.57%
    Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid) 0.036 mg 0.72%
    Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) 0.1 mg 7.69%
    Vitamin B9 (Folate) 8 µg 2.00%
    Folic Acid 0 µg N/D
    Folate, food 8 µg N/D
    Folate, DEF 8 µg N/D
    Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) 26.3 mg 29.22%
    Fat soluble Vitamins
    Vitamin A, RAE 174 µg 24.86%
    Vitamin A, IU 3474 IU N/D

    Amino acids Amount % DV
    Threonine 0.086 g 4.89%
    Isoleucine 0.093 g 5.56%
    Leucine 0.152 g 4.11%
    Lysine 0.105 g 3.14%
    Methionine 0.032 g N/D
    Phenylalanine 0.104 g N/D
    Tyrosine 0.075 g N/D
    Valine 0.121 g 4.64%
    Arginine 0.098 g N/D
    Histidine 0.049 g 9.82%
    Alanine 0.121 g N/D
    Aspartic acid 0.166 g N/D
    Glutamic acid 0.197 g N/D
    Glycine 0.104 g N/D
    Proline 0.106 g N/D
    Serine 0.07 g N/D

    *Above mentioned Percent Daily Values (%DVs) are based on 2,000 calorie diet intake. Daily values (DVs) may be different depending upon your daily calorie needs. Mentioned values are recommended by a U.S. Department of Agriculture. They are not healthbenefitstimes.com recommendations. Calculations are based on average age of 19 to 50 years and weighs 194 lbs.

    Source:
    https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/

    Nutritional value of Dock cooked, boiled, drained with salt
    Serving Size: 1 Value, 100 g

    Calories 20 Kcal. Calories from Fat 5.76 Kcal.

    Proximity Amount % DV
    Water 93.6 g N/D
    Energy 20 Kcal N/D
    Energy 84 kJ N/D
    Protein 1.83 g 3.66%
    Total Fat (lipid) 0.64 g 1.83%
    Ash 1.01 g N/D
    Carbohydrate 2.93 g 2.25%

    Minerals Amount % DV
    Calcium, Ca 38 mg 3.80%
    Iron, Fe 2.08 mg 26.00%
    Magnesium, Mg 89 mg 21.19%
    Phosphorus, P 52 mg 7.43%
    Potassium, K 321 mg 6.83%
    Sodium, Na 239 mg 15.93%
    Zinc, Zn 0.17 mg 1.55%
    Copper, Cu 0.114 mg 12.67%
    Manganese, Mn 0.303 mg 13.17%
    Selenium, Se 0.9 µg 1.64%


    Vitamins Amount % DV
    Water soluble Vitamins
    Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) 0.034 mg 2.83%
    Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) 0.086 mg 6.62%
    Vitamin B3 (Niacin) 0.411 mg 2.57%
    Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic acid) 0.036 mg 0.72%
    Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) 0.1 mg 7.69%
    Vitamin B9 (Folate) 8 µg 2.00%
    Folic Acid 0 µg N/D
    Folate, food 8 µg N/D
    Folate, DEF 8 µg N/D
    Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) 26.3 mg 29.22%
    Fat soluble Vitamins
    Vitamin A, RAE 174 µg 24.86%
    Vitamin A, IU 3474 IU N/D

    Amino acids Amount % DV
    Threonine 0.086 g 5.28%
    Isoleucine 0.093 g 9.09%
    Leucine 0.152 g 2.84%
    Lysine 0.105 g 0.96%
    Methionine 0.032 g N/D
    Phenylalanine 0.104 g N/D
    Tyrosine 0.075 g N/D
    Valine 0.121 g 2.32%
    Arginine 0.098 g N/D
    Histidine 0.049 g 13.47%
    Alanine 0.121 g N/D
    Aspartic acid 0.166 g N/D
    Glutamic acid 0.197 g N/D
    Glycine 0.104 g N/D
    Proline 0.106 g N/D
    Serine 0.07 g N/D

    *Above mentioned Percent Daily Values (%DVs) are based on 2,000 calorie diet intake. Daily values (DVs) may be different depending upon your daily calorie needs. Mentioned values are recommended by a U.S. Department of Agriculture. They are not healthbenefitstimes.com recommendations. Calculations are based on average age of 19 to 50 years and weighs 194 lbs.

    Source:
    https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/

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