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    Home»Herbs and Spices»Health benefits of Goutweed
    Herbs and Spices

    Health benefits of Goutweed

    By SylviaNovember 10, 2020Updated:November 10, 2020No Comments15 Mins Read
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    Aegopodium podagraria, commonly called bishop’s weed or goutweed is one of the most popular ground covers for quickly covering large areas belonging to carrot family (Apiaceae ⁄ Umbelliferae). The plant is native to Europe, Asia Minor, and Central Asia, but its native range is unclear. It has been introduced to North America, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan as an ornamental. Ground Elder, Bishop’s goutweed, Goutweed, Ground Elder, Bishop’s Weed, Jack-jump-about, Herb Gerard, Ashweed, Achweed, English Masterwort, Wild Masterwort, Pigweed, Eltroot, Bishop’s Elder, Weyl Ash, White Ash, Bishopswort, Ground Ash, gout wort and snow-in-the-mountain are some of the popular common names of the plant.

    Genus name Aegopodium comes from the Greek words aix meaning “goat” and podion meaning “a little foot”, in reference to the leaf shape. The specific epithet podagraria means “snare of gout”, in reference to its traditional use as a treatment for gout. Common name is in reference to a former use of the plant in the treatment of gout. It is also commonly called Bishop’s weed in reference to the purported resemblance of the leaflet shape to that of a bishop’s miter. The name ground elder comes from the superficial similarity of its leaves and flowers to those of elder (Sambucus), which is unrelated. It is the type species of the genus Aegopodium. This species has been introduced around the world as an ornamental plant, where it occasionally poses an ecological threat as an invasive exotic plant. In folk medicine, mainly the leaves of goutweed were used to treat gout, inflammatory states in kidneys and bladder and to facilitate wound healing.

    Goutweed Facts

    Goutweed Quick Facts
    Name: Goutweed
    Scientific Name: Aegopodium podagraria
    Origin Europe, Asia Minor, and Central Asia
    Shapes Ovoid-oblongoid fruits that are ridged and somewhat flattened
    Taste Pungent
    Health benefits Good for rheumatism, arthritis, disorders of the bladder and intestines, burns, stings, wounds, painful joints, gouty and sciatic pains and hemorrhoids
    Name Goutweed
    Scientific Name Aegopodium podagraria
    Native Europe, Asia Minor, and Central Asia, but its native range is unclear.
    It has been introduced to North America, Australia, New Zealand, and Japan as an ornamental
    Common Names Ground Elder, Bishop’s goutweed, Goutweed, Ground Elder, Bishop’s Weed, Jack-jump-about, Herb Gerard, Ashweed, Achweed, English Masterwort, Wild Masterwort, Pigweed, Eltroot, Bishop’s Elder, Weyl Ash, White Ash, Bishopswort, Ground Ash, gout wort, snow-in-the-mountain
    Name in Other Languages Afrikaans: Goutweed
    Albanian: Goutweed, bar shtergjia, egopodë, këmbëdhia
    Amharic: Goutweed-ˈɡoutwēd
    Arabic: Altayib (الطيب), rajul aleunzat albistania (رجل العنزة البستانية)
    Armenian: Arshavank (արշավանք)
    Azerbaijani: Goutweed
    Bengali: Goutweed-ˈgoutˌwēd
    Bulgarian: Goutweed-ˈgoutˌwēd, blag bŭz (благ бъз), sedmolist (седмолист)   
    Burmese: Kwmhkyaankone (ကွမ်းခြံကုန်း)
    Catalan: Podagraria
    Chinese: Gǔ tè wēi dé (古特威德)
    Chuvash: Серте
    Croatian: Goutweed, Podagrasti jarčevac
    Czech: Dna, bršlice kozí noha
    Danish: Skvalderkål, Gul Okseøje
    Dutch: Jicht, Zevenblad
    English: Goutweed, Ground-elder, Ashweed, Bishop’s goutweed, Bishop’s-weed, Herb-Gerard, ashweed
    Esperanto: Goutweed, Egopodio
    Estonian: Podagra, Harilik naat
    Filipino: Goutweed
    Finnish: Goutweed, Keltapäivänkakkara, Vuohenputki
    French: Goutweed, Herbe aux goutteux, Podagraire, Egopode, Égopode Podagraire, L’Égopode Podagraire, herbe de Saint Gérard, pied de chèvre, lehtovuohenputki, boucage à feuilles d’angélique, fausse angélique, petite angélique, pied d’aigle, pied de bouc
    Georgian: Goutweed-ˈgoutˌwēd
    German: Gichtkraut, Geißfuß, Giersch, Gewöhnlicher Giersch, Baumtropfen, Geissfuss, Dreifuß, Erdholder, Gichtgeißfuß, Hinfuß, Hinlauf, Podagrakraut, Zipperleinkraut
    Greek: Nkouts (γκουτς), Aigopódio to podágrio (Αιγοπόδιο το ποδάγριο)
    Gujarati: Goutweed, goutˌwēd
    Hausa: Goutweed
    Hebrew: Gaut (גאוט)
    Hindi: Goutweed-ˈgoutˌwēd
    Hungarian: Goutweed, Podagrafű
    Icelandic: Pvagsýrugigt, Geitakál
    Indonesian: Goutweed
    Irish: Goutweed, Lus an easpaig, lus an dá phingin
    Italian: Goutweed, Castalda, Girardina Silvestre, castaldina, egopodo, erba gerarda, pie di capra, podagraria, girardina silvestre
    Japanese: Hakobe (ハコベ), , iwamitsuno (イワミツバ)
    Javanese: Dikandhani
    Kannada: Gauṭvīḍ (ಗೌಟ್ವೀಡ್)
    Kazakh: Goutweed, Kädimgi snıtʹ, Кәдімгі сныть, كادىمگى سنىت
    Korean: Tongpung (통풍), san mi na ri (산미나리)          
    Kurdish: Goutweed
    Lao: Goutweed-ˈgoutˌwēd
    Latin: Goutweed
    Latvian: Podagra, Podagras gārsa
    Lithuanian: Podagra, Paprastoji garšva
    Macedonian: Giht (гихт), obipen sedmolist (обипен седмолист)
    Malagasy: Goutweed
    Malay: Goutweed
    Malayalam: Sandhivātaṁ (സന്ധിവാതം)
    Maltese: Gotta marigold marsh pokeweed
    Marathi: Goutweed-ˈgoutˌwēd
    Mongolian: Goutweed-ˈgoutˌwēd
    Nepali: Goutweed-ˈɡoutwēd
    Netherlands: Zevenblad
    Northern Sami: Jiektabohcci
    Norwegian: Goutweed, Greinknoppurt, Gullkrage, Parykk-knoppurt, Skvallerkål
    Oriya: Goutweed
    Pashto: د ګیټ وید
    Persian: Goutweed, علف پابزی
    Picard: Flanèle
    Polish: Podagrycznik, podagrycznik pospolity, podagrycznik rzeczpospolity
    Portuguese: Goutweed, sabugueiro-anão
    Punjabi                : Goutweed-ˈɡoutwēd
    Romanian: Goutweed, piciorul-caprei   
    Russian: Snyt (сныть), Snyt’ obyknovennaya (Сныть обыкновенная)
    Scots: Beeshop’s weed
    Serbian: Goutveed (гоутвеед), obični sedmolist (обични седмолист)
    Sindhi: Goutweed
    Sinhala: Raktavātaya (රක්තවාතය)
    Slovak: Kozonoha hostcová, kozia noha hostcová, kozonohacová
    Slovenian: Goutweed, navadna regačica
    Spanish: Goutweed, egopodio, hierba de San Gerardo, aegopodio,
    Sudanese: Goutweed
    Swedish: Goutweed, Gul kamklint, Gullkrage, Sandklint, Svartklint, Kirskål, Vuohenputki, Ängsklint, Kers, Skvallerkål
    Tajik: Goutweed-ˈɡoutwēd
    Tamil: Kīlvātam (கீல்வாதம்)
    Telugu: Goutweed-ˈɡoutwēd
    Thai: Goutweed-ˈɡoutwēd
    Turkish: Goutweed, keçi ayağı
    Ukrainian: Podahrychnyy (подагричний), Yahlytsya zvychayna (Яглиця звичайна)
    Urdu: گاؤٹویڈ
    Uzbek: Goutweed
    Vietnamese: Goutweed
    Welsh: Goutweed, Llysiau`r gymalwst
    Zulu: Goutweed
    Plant Growth Habit Creeping, herbaceous perennial
    Growing Climates Hedgerows, cultivated land, grasslands, forests, gardens, logged areas, abandoned fields, pastures, roadsides, disturbed areas, woodland edges, churchyards, parks, flower beds, graveyards, shaded ravines, cemeteries and waste areas
    Soil Easily grown in average, dry to medium, well-drained soils in sun or shade
    Plant Size Grows from 4 to 12 inches (10-30 cm) tall [15], but it may grow to as tall as about 3 feet (1 m)
    Root Extensive root system that includes a main root and lateral roots
    Stem Short, hollow, with longitudinal grooves and rims, glabrous or covered with short-branched hairs. It contain only one set of leaves until the flower stem appears
    Leaf Large leaves are alternate, the lobes ovate and sharply-toothed, 2 to 3 inches long. The radical leaves are on long stalks, bi- and tri-ternate. There are fewer stem-leaves; they are less divided, with smaller segments.
    Flowering season July to August
    Flower Flowers are about 1/8 inches (3 mm.) across, consisting of 5 white petals with incurved tips and an inferior ovary with a pair of styles
    Fruit Shape & Size Ovoid-oblongoid fruits that are ridged and somewhat flattened. They are about 0.12-0.16 in. (3-4 mm) long and release their seeds at maturity during the autumn
    Seed Small and slightly lengthened about 3 to 4 mm long, similar in size and shape to carrot seeds, and ripen in late summer
    Propagation By  seed or rhizomes
    Flavor/Aroma Mild aroma similar to the parsley or lemon
    Taste Pungent
    Plant Parts Used Herb, root, leaves

    Plant Description

    Goutweed is a creeping, herbaceous perennial plant that normally grows from 4 to 12 inches (10-30 cm) tall, but it may grow to as tall as about 3 feet (1 m). The plant is found growing in hedgerows, cultivated land, grasslands, forests, gardens, logged areas, abandoned fields, pastures, roadsides, disturbed areas, woodland edges, churchyards, parks, flower beds, graveyards, shaded ravines, cemeteries and waste areas. The plant is easily grown in average, dry to medium, well-drained soils in sun or shade. The plant has extensive root system that includes a main root and lateral roots. Stem is short, hollow, with longitudinal grooves and rims, glabrous or covered with short-branched hairs. It contain only one set of leaves until the flower stem appears.

    Leaves

    Stalks are light green and glabrous. The basal and lower leaves are bipinnate with 6-9 leaflets, while the upper leaves are pinnate with 3 leaflets. When the leaves are bipinnate, they are ternately divided into 3 groups of leaflets (2 lateral groups & a terminal group); each group has 2-3 leaflets. The leaflets of basal and lower leaves are 2-3 inches long and 1¼-2 inches across. They are medium to dark green, more or less ovate in shape, serrate or doubly serrate along their margins, and hairless or nearly so. Some leaflets may be deeply cleft into two lobes. The leaflets of upper leaves are smaller in size and narrower in shape (lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate); otherwise they are similar to the leaflets of the preceding leaves. The petioles of basal and lower leaves are 4-12 inches long, while the petioles of upper leaves are less than 4 inches long. These petioles are light green and hairless. The petioles of alternate leaves are sheathed at their bases. The petiolule of the terminal group of leaflets is 2-3 inches long, while the petiolules of the lateral groups of leaflets are about 1 inch long. In each group of leaflets, the lateral leaflets are sessile or nearly so, while the terminal leaflet has a secondary basal stalklet that is nearly sessile to 1 inch long.

    Flower

    The stalks terminate in compound umbels of flowers about 1½-3½ inches across that are flat-topped. Each compound umbel is divided into 10-20 umbellets, while each umbellet is divided into 10-25 flowers. The compound umbels lack floral bracts and the umbellets lack floral bractlets. Individual flowers are about 1/8 inches (3 mm.) across, consisting of 5 white petals with incurved tips and an inferior ovary with a pair of styles. The peduncles of the compound umbels are 3-6 inches long, light green, glabrous, angular, and grooved. The pedicels of individual flowers are about ¼ inches in length, light green, and glabrous. The blooming period occurs from late spring to mid-summer, lasting about 1 month.

    Fruit

    The flowers are replaced by ovoid-oblongoid fruits that are ridged and somewhat flattened. They are about 0.12-0.16 in. (3-4 mm) long and release their seeds at maturity during the autumn. Seeds are small and slightly lengthened about 3 to 4 mm long, similar in size and shape to carrot seeds, and ripen in late summer.

    Goutweed Image Gallery
    Basal-leaf-of-Goutweed Basal-leaf-of-Goutweed
    Closer-view-of-flower-of-Goutweed Closer-view-of-flower-of-Goutweed
    Closer-view-of-leaves-of-Goutweed Closer-view-of-leaves-of-Goutweed
    Flower-of-Goutweed Flower-of-Goutweed
    Fruit-of-Goutweed Fruit-of-Goutweed
    Goutweed-plant Goutweed-plant
    Goutweed-plant-growing-wild Goutweed-plant-growing-wild
    Goutweed-seeds Goutweed-seeds
    Leaves-of-Goutweed Leaves-of-Goutweed
    Plant-Illustration-of-Goutweed Plant-Illustration-of-Goutweed
    Sketch-of-Goutweed Sketch-of-Goutweed
    Small-Goutweed-plant Small-Goutweed-plant

    Health Benefits of Goutweed

    Goutweed has been used for curing numerous diseases in humans and animals, and it is used in Ayurvedic and Unani medical systems. Ayurvedic use of Goutweed includes treatment of atrophy, cachexia, spasms, and rheumatism.

    1. Prevents Infective Diseases

    Patients identified with fever and lung ailments, including bronchitis, the common cold, cough, consumption, and emphysema have also benefited from treatment with Goutweed.

    2. Prevent Breathing problem

    One should apply a paste of crushed fruit to treat asthma to the chest. The paste is also used for colic. In the Unani system, Bishop’s weed is used to enhance the body’s immune system.

    3. Cures problem related to stomach

    This may help treat several GI disorders, including diarrhea, gastritis, atonic dyspepsia, cholera, flatulence, and indigestion.

    4. To treat diseases related to skin

    The plant consists of methoxsalen, a compound used in the treatment of such skin conditions as psoriasis, tinea versicolor, and vitiligo. Methoxsalen is classified as a psoralen, a type of compound that increases the skin’s sensitivity to ultraviolet light. When taken orally or applied directly to the skin, methoxsalen is known to alter skin cells in a way that promotes the production of melanin or a natural substance that gives color to the skin to response to ultraviolet light exposure.

    Traditional uses and benefits of Goutweed

    • Ground Elder has a long history of medicinal use and was cultivated as a food crop and medicinal herb in the Middle Ages.
    • Plant was used mainly as a food that could counteract gout, one of the effects of the rich foods eaten by monks, bishops etc. at this time.
    • The plant is little used in modern herbalism.
    • All parts of the plant are anti-rheumatic, diuretic, sedative and vulnerary.
    • An infusion is used in the treatment of rheumatism, arthritis and disorders of the bladder and intestines.
    • Externally, it is used as a poultice on burns, stings, wounds, painful joints etc.
    • Plant is harvested when it is in flower in late spring to mid-summer and can be used fresh or be dried for later use.
    • Homeopathic remedy is made from the flowering plant.
    • It is used internally for aches in the joints, gouty and sciatic pains, and externally as a fomentation for inflamed parts.
    • Roots and leaves boiled together, applied to the hip, and occasionally renewed, have a wonderful effect in some cases of sciatica.
    • It also had a history as a medicinal herb to treat gout and arthritis, applied in hot wraps externally upon boiling both leaves and roots together.
    • Ingested, the leaves have a diuretic effect and act as a mild sedative.
    • This herb has been used to treat kidney, intestinal and bladder disorders, but more research still needs to be done.
    • When used externally as a thick paste, goutweed can help heal gout, painful joints, sciatica, arthritis, hemorrhoids, wounds, burns and insect bites.
    • Tea from dried leaves is a medicine recommended for the treatment of gout, hemorrhoids, inflammatory states of kidneys and bladder, auxiliary in nephrolithiasis and to improve metabolism.
    • Fresh leaves administered on a wound facilitated quicker healing.
    • It was used in the treatment of pains and sores in the past.
    • Also for treating wounds or burns, a poultice of its leaves are applied.
    • In the past by boiling the roots and leaves of the plant together, hot wraps were used for treating pains in bone-joints.
    • The leaves can be used as well for mild sedative effects.

    Culinary Uses

    • Leaves can be consumed raw or cooked.
    • The leaves are best harvested before the plant comes into flower, they can be used in salads, soups, or cooked as a vegetable.
    • Tender leaves have been used in antiquity and throughout the Middle Ages as a spring leaf vegetable, much as spinach was used.
    • It is commonly used for soup.
    • Young leaves are preferred as a pot herb.
    • Before flowers bloom, young leaves are plucked and used in the making of Goutweed soup with vegetables and onions.
    • It can be made into a filling for empanadas.
    • Fresh leafy greens can be made into delicious vegetarian dishes apart from salads.
    • Young translucent leaves are best for salads and the slightly older leaves can be cooked like spinach.
    • It can be used in salads, omelets, pesto, pizza, savory pies etc.
    • Ground elder is particularly suitable in foods with basil, goat cheese and halloumi.

    Other Different Uses

    • Used in Spice

    It has been used as a spice and as a preservative. It is used as a commercial product in the food and flavoring industries. The fruits are used to flavor curries, pickles, biscuits, confections, and beverages. The fruit has stimulant, antispasmodic, and carminative properties.

    • For Cosmetic Uses

    The plant has been made into solutions, ointments, lotions, powders, and deodorants. The plant is used in soaps and perfumes and has several applications in aromatherapy dating to ancient times. It is also used as a mouthwash, gargle, or toothpaste preparation in dentistry. Bishop’s weed has been used as an insecticide and anthelmintic.

    Other Facts

    • This species makes a good ground-cover for semi-wild situations.
    • Since the leaves contain essential oils, they were previously used for wrapping vegetables for keeping them fresh.
    • They can be effective in controlling soil erosion.
    • It can be of immense use in gardens providing ground cover, growing below trees and shrubs.
    • Leaves of this plant can be useful for grey dagger, dot moth and other Lepidoptera species to lay eggs, which later becomes the foraging plant.
    • Not only European monks, Tibetan as well as Chinese monks too used this plant to heal physical ailments.

    Precautions

    • There’s some concern that bishop’s weed may trigger such side effects as headache, nausea, and vomiting.
    • Since bishop’s weed changes the way your skin cells react to exposure to ultraviolet light, bishop’s weed may increase sensitivity to the sun and, in turn, raise your risk of skin cancer.
    • Bishop’s weed may cause liver conditions to worsen, as well as inhibit blood clotting. People who are taking medications changed by the liver should use caution when taking the bishop’s weed.
    • One should not use it with drugs that cause photosensitivity, including Elavil, (amitriptyline), Cipro (ciprofloxacin), Noroxin (norfloxacin), Maxaquin (lomefloxacin), Floxin (ofloxacin), Levaquin (levofloxacin), and tetracycline, among others.
    • Avoid during pregnancy and it may also cause congenital defects.

    Management Methods 

    Manual or Mechanical Control

    Pulling / Digging Up

    Hand pulling or digging young plants is effective, if time consuming. Care must be taken to remove all rhizomes, otherwise, re-sprouting will occur.

    Mowing

    Cutting at leaf out has been shown to decrease this species’ capacity for vegetative growth and spread. It is even more effective if performed repeatedly throughout the growing season in order to sap the plant’s starch reserves. Utmost care must be taken to complete control before the formation of fruit so as not to spread any viable seeds.

    Soil Tilling

    Tilling is not a recommended method of control as goutweed often colonizes fragile, moist soils vulnerable to erosion and will re-sprout from root fragments.

    Mulching

    Mulching can be a useful strategy in combination with other methods of management for small populations, such as hand pulling or cutting.

    Chemical Control

    The pesticide application rates and usage herein are recommendations based on research and interviews with land managers.  When considering the use of pesticides, it is your responsibility to fully understand the laws, regulations and best practices required to apply pesticides in a responsible manner.  At times, the pest you seek to treat may not be on a pesticide label, requiring a 2ee exemption from NYSDEC.  Always thoroughly read the label of any pesticide and consult the NYSDEC or a licensed pesticide applicator with questions.

    Foliar Spray

    A 2-10% solution of glyphosate will brown goutweed’s leaves but not kill the entire plant. Repeat application will be necessary in several weeks. Always read and follow all instructions on the herbicide label.

    References:

    https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=29567#null

    https://pfaf.org/User/plant.aspx?LatinName=Aegopodium+podagraria

    https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=243464&isprofile=0&

    https://www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/g/goutwe32.html

    https://accs.uaa.alaska.edu/wp-content/uploads/Aegopodium_podagraria_BIO_AEPO.pdf

    https://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Aegopodium+podagraria&flags=col1:&res=640

    https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/3350

    https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=102037

    https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217778

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegopodium_podagraria

    http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2623499

    https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/forb/aegpod/all.html

    https://www.invasive.org/browse/subinfo.cfm?sub=11534

    http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:5849-2

    https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=AEPO

    https://www.nps.gov/orgs/1103/upload/FactSheet_BishopsGoutweed.pdf

    https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/AEOPO

    http://temperate.theferns.info/plant/Aegopodium+podagraria

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    Goutweed Scientific Classification

    Scientific Name: Aegopodium podagraria

    Rank Scientific Name & (Common Name)
    Kingdom Plantae (Plants)
    Subkingdom Tracheobionta (Vascular plants)
    Infrakingdom Streptophyta  (land plants)
    Super Division Spermatophyta (Seed plants)
    Division Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants)
    Sub Division Spermatophytina  (spermatophytes, seed plants, phanérogames)
    Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons)
    Sub Class Rosidae
    Super Order Asteranae
    Order Apiales
    Family Apiaceae ⁄ Umbelliferae (Carrot family)
    Genus Aegopodium L. (goutweed)
    Species Aegopodium podagraria L. (bishop’s goutweed)
    Synonyms
    • Aegopodium angelicifolium Salisb
    • Aegopodium podagraria subsp. nadeshdae Stepanov
    • Aegopodium simplex Lavy
    • Aegopodium ternatum Gilib
    • Aegopodium tribracteolatum Schmalh
    • Apium biternatum Stokes
    • Apium podagraria (L.) Caruel
    • Carum podagraria (L.) Roth
    • Ligusticum podagraria Crantz
    • Pimpinella angelicifolia Lam
    • Podagraria aegopodium Moench
    • Podagraria erratica Bubani
    • Selinum podagraria E.H.L.Krause
    • Seseli aegopodium Scop
    • Sison podagraria Spreng
    • Sium podagraria F.H.Wigg
    • Sium vulgare Bernh
    • Tragoselinum angelica Lam.
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