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    Home»Nuts and seeds»Health benefits of Jungle Rice
    Nuts and seeds

    Health benefits of Jungle Rice

    By SylviaMarch 2, 2020Updated:March 2, 2020No Comments16 Mins Read
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    Jungle rice scientifically known as Echinochloa colona is a kind of annual weed belonging to Poaceae ⁄ Gramineae (Grass family) which produce tiny yellowish white grains. The plant is native to Tropical Asia – Himalaya to West Malaysia. It is cultivated as a fodder grass and cereal in tropical Asia, Africa, Australia, western United States and Canada and in China- Anhui, Guangxi, Guizhou, Heilongjiang, Henan, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Sichuan, Yunnan and Taiwan. The grain looks like rice but it is smaller. And the fact that it grows at waste areas, roadsides, or even jungle instead of farm field, makes it well known as jungle rice. Sometimes, it also grows in between paddy field. Few of the popular common names of the plant are billion-dollar Grass, Cockspur Grass, Indian Barnyard Millet, Japanese Millet, Japanese Barnyard Millet, Sanwa Millet, Sawa Millet, Shama Millet, Siberian Millet, White Millet, White Panic, White Panicum, awnless barnyard grass, barnyard grass, bird’s rice, corn panic grass, Deccan grass, jungle rice, jungle ricegrass, jungle-rice, junglerice, Kalahari watergrass, marsh grass, millet-rice, pigeon millet, river grass, short millet and swamp grass.

    Jungle rice was formerly classified as a species of Panicum. It is the wild ancestor of the cultivated cereal crop Echinochloa frumentacea, sawa millet. Some taxonomists treat the two taxa as one species, in which case the domesticated forms may also be referred to as E. colona. Not only filling, the consumption of jungle rice enables us to have the health benefits of jungle rice. About the taste, it tastes good with many kinds of side dishes, just like the common rice. In India, people consume jungle rice during the fasting month and in religious ceremony.  The plant is considered an invasive weed in the Americas and Australia. In Australia, it has spread to wetlands, and is threatening the habitat of swamp tea trees.

    Jungle Rice Facts

    Jungle rice Quick Facts
    Name: Jungle rice
    Scientific Name: Echinochloa colona
    Origin Tropical Asia – Himalaya to West Malaysia
    Shapes Caryopsis about 1.3- 2 mm long
    Health benefits Improve heart health, Boost immune system, Maintain healthy digestion, Lose weight, Good for diabetic, Energizing
    Name Jungle Rice
    Scientific Name Echinochloa colona
    Native Tropical Asia – Himalaya to West Malaysia. It is cultivated as a fodder grass and cereal in tropical Asia, Africa, Australia, western United States and Canada and in China- Anhui, Guangxi, Guizhou, Heilongjiang, Henan, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Sichuan, Yunnan and Taiwan
    Common Names Billion-Dollar Grass, Cockspur Grass, Indian Barnyard Millet, Japanese Millet, Japanese Barnyard Millet, Sanwa Millet, Sawa Millet, Shama Millet, Siberian Millet, White Millet, White Panic, White Panicum, awnless barnyard grass, barnyard grass, bird’s rice, corn panic grass, Deccan grass, jungle rice, jungle ricegrass, jungle-rice, junglerice, Kalahari watergrass, marsh grass, millet-rice, pigeon millet, river grass, short millet, swamp grass, swampgrass
    Name in Other Languages Afrikaans: Watergras
    Arabic :  Abu rokba, Abu rukbah, Bashaft, Difra, Diffré
    Argentina: Arroz Silvestre, capím, grama pintado, pasto Colorado
    Assamese: Binoi-bon
    Australia: Awnless barnyard grass
    Bangladesh: Alighasha, khudhey shayma, shymaghas
    Barbados: Junglerice
    Bontoc: Tumi
    Brazil: Capim da colonia, capim-arroz, capim-arroz, capim-colônia, capim-coloninho, capim-jaú, capituva, jervâo
    Burmese: Myet thi, Pa  zun sa myet
    Catalan: Cerreig, Mill, Panissola, Pota de gall menuda, Serreig roig, Serret
    Chamorro: Chaguan-agaga
    Chad: Diffré
    Chile: Hualcacho
    Chinese:  Guang tou bai ( 光头稗), Guang tou bai zi,  Can cao,  Wang bai,  Wang ji, Hu Nan Bai Zi, Hu Nan Ji Zi
    Colombia: Liendre de puerco; paja de apto
    Cuba: Armilán, buche de guanajo, grama pintada, pico de paloma
    Czech: Ježatka osadní
    Danish:  Spinkel hanespore, Bleg Hanespore, Japanhirse
    Dominican Republic: Barba de indio, grama, pata de cotorra, pata de guanaj, tito blanco
    Dutch: Zuidelijke hanepoot, Japanse Gierst, Europese hanenpoot
    Egypt: Abu rokba
    English: Jungle ricegrass, Jungle-rice, Millet-rice, Corn panic-grass, Deccan grass, Southern cockspur, Awnless barnyard grass, shama millet, wild millet,  bird’s rice, marsh grass, swamp grass, barnyard millet, corn panic grass, jungle rice, little baryard grass, pigeon millet, short millet, swampgrass, Kalahari watergrass, millet rice
    Estonian: Söödav Kukehirss
    Fiji: Junglerice
    Finnish:  Kukonhirssi, Japaninhirssi, tipunhirssi
    French: Blé du Dekkan, Pied de coq méridional, herbe de Greslan, herbe de riz, herbe sifflette, Echinochloé des cultures, Millet Japonais, Pied De Coq Cultivé, oplismène des cultures, panic colonisateur, panic des cultivateurs, panic pied-de-coq
    German: Dekkangras, Schamahirse, Südliche Hühnerhirse, Kleine Hühnerhirse, Kolonisten-Hühnerhirse, Japanhirse, Japanische Hirse, Schamahirse, Sawahirse, Weizenhirse, Colona-Hühnerhirse
    Gujarati: Samo (સામો), Moriyo
    Hebrew:  Dochaneet hashaleen, dachenit hashalchin, דָּחְנִית הַשַּׁלְחִין
    Hindi: Jangli jhangora, Shama (शामा),  śyāmāk (श्यामाक ), जंगली चावल (jangalee chaaval),  borur, hama, homa, jangli sawak, janguli, jiria, junglerice, karum-pul, kavada, kudiravali, otha gaddi, pacushama, pakud, samo, sanwa,  sarwak, sawa, sawank, shama millet, shamak, sharma, soma, swanter, tan, todia, tor, zari
    Hungarian: Sáma-köles
    Ilocano: Dakkayang
    Indonesia: Jajagoan leutik, padi burung, rumput bebek, rumput jajagoan kecil, rumput kusa-kusa, tuton, watoeton
    Iloko: Dukayang
    Iraq: Dahnan
    Israel: Dochaneet hashaleen
    Italian: Panico porporino, Giavone meridionale, Miglio Giapponese
    Jamaica: Junglerice
    Japanese: Ko hime bie (コヒメビ エ), Wase bie (ワセビエ), indobie, Hie
    Javanese: Suket tuton
    Kannada:  Kaadu haaraka, Kaadu haaraka hull
    Laotian: Khauz nôk, nya khao nôk
    Lebanon: Junglerice
    Malay: Padi burong, Padi burong, Rumput kekusa , Rumput kusa-kusa, Rumput bébék, Rumput kekuasa kecil, Tuton, Watuton
    Malaysia: Junglerice, padi burung, rumput kekusa, rumput kekusa kecil, rumput kusa-kusa, tuton
    Malayalam: Kavada
    Marathi:  Borur, Jiria, Pacushama, Sawank,  śyāmāka (श्यामाक )
    Mauritius: Herbe de riz, herbe sifflette
    Mexico: Arrocillo, arroz del monte, zacate pinto
    Myanmar: Myet-thi, pazun-sa-myet, wan-be-sa-myet
    Nepali:  Saamaa (सामा), Saamaa ghans
    Netherlands: Zuidelijke hanepoot
    Nicaragua: Pato de conejo
    Palauan: Uaum
    Peru: Champa
    Philippines: Bulang, dakayang, dakayon, dukayang, dukdukayang, guinga, gutad, la-u la-u, mangagaw, pulang-puwit, pulang-pwet, tiriguhan, tumi
    Portuguese: Capim-arroz, Capim da colonia, Capim-colônia, Capim-coloninho, Capim-jaú, Jervâo, capituva, milhã-listrada, milhã-pé-de-galo, angolinho-branco, inco-do-arroz
    Puerto Rico: Arrocillo, arroz de monte, grama pintada
    Punjabi:  Samāka (ਸਮਾਕ ), Samāki (ਸਮਾਕੀ), Savāk, Savāṅka (ਸਵਾਂਕ)  Savãk, Sānvaka (ਸਾਂਵਕ)  Sãvak , Suãnka (ਸੁਆਂਕ), Sā’uṅka (ਸਾਉਂਕ) Sa’uṅka  (ਸਉਂਕ)
    Russian: Kurinoe proso (Куриное просо), Ežovnik Chlebnyj, yezhovnik krest’yanskiy (ежовник крестьянский), yezhovnik piramidal’nyy (ежовник пирамидальный)
    Palauan: Uaum
    Samoan: Sefa
    South Africa: Junglerice, watergras
    Spanish: Arrocillo, Grama pintado, Hualcacho, Liendre de puerco, Paja de apto, Pata de gallina, Pasto colorado, Pasto del arroz, Pierna de gallo meridonal, armilán, camalote, champa, grama de verano, pata de conejo, zacate de agua, zacate pinto, zancaraña, Mijo Japonés, capim arroz, paja de arroz, pata de gallo, grama pintada, gramilla de rastrojo, pasto overito, mata bravo
    Sri Lanka: Adipul, gira-tana
    Sudan: Difra, junglerice
    Sundanese: Jajagoan leutik
    Swedish: Kycklinghirs, Amerikansk Hönshirs, Blek Hönshirs
    Tagalog: Pulang puwit
    Tamil:  Cāmai (சாமை), Pullam payiṟu (புல்லம் பயிறு)
    Telegu:  Cāma (చామ), Othagaddi
    Thai:  H̄ỵ̂ā pl̂xng (หญ้าปล้อง)  Yaa bplong,  H̄ỵ̂ā nkk̄heā (หญ้านกเขา)  Yaa nok khao, Ya nok sichom phu, ya plong; yaa khaao nok; yaa nok si chomphu, H̄ỵ̂ā k̄ĥāwnk (หญ้าข้าวนก)
    Tongan: Matala‘ulie, muhuku‘apopoa
    Trinidad and Tobago: Junglerice
    Turkish: Tavshéan out, cinek
    Uruguay: Capim, gramilla de rastrojo
    USA: Junglerice
    Vietnamese:  Co long vuc, Cỏ Kê, Cỏ Núc, Cỏ Lồng Vực Hạt
    Visayan: Guinga
    Welsh: Cibogwellty trofannau
    Zambia: Lupungu, zibaila
    Plant Growth Habit Clump-forming, annual (rarely perennial) grass
    Growing Climates Swampy places, near marshes, around water pipes, rice fields, roadsides, river banks, shores of ponds, the inner edges of mangrove swamps, old clearings, waste places, cultivated fields, ditches, gardens, disturbed sites, waterways, waste grounds, flooded grasslands, edges of saline waterholes, irrigated fields
    Soil Predominant on damp, fertile, heavy-textured soils in areas which are seasonally rather than permanently flooded. It is often cultivated on marginal lands where rice and other crops will not grow well
    Plant Size 1–1.2 m
    Root Fibrous root
    Culms Glabrous, cylindrical, erect and decumbent. They are red purple at their base and can root at the lower nodes
    Stem Stem is flattened, often red purple at the base, usually swollen at the nodes
    Leaf Leaf sheath is smooth, margins free in upper part and basal portion of sheath is often tinged with red. Leaf blade is smooth, flat, linear lanceolate, flaccid, up to 25 cm long, 3 7 mm wide, sometimes transverse purple bands.
    Flowering season July to September
    Flower Inflorescence is green to purple, 6-12 cm long and bears 4-8 short racemes on the main axis. The sessile awnless spikelets are arranged in 4 rows on one side of the racemes
    Fruit Shape & Size Caryopsis about 1.3- 2 mm long
    Propagation By Seed
    Season August to October
    Health Benefits
    • Improve heart health
    • Boost immune system
    • Maintain healthy digestion
    • Lose weight
    • Good for diabetic
    • Energizing

    Plant Description

    Jungle rice is a clump-forming, annual (rarely perennial) grass that normally grows about 1–1.2 m tall. The plant is found growing in swampy places, near marshes, around water pipes, rice fields, roadsides, river banks, shores of ponds, the inner edges of mangrove swamps, old clearings, waste places, cultivated fields, ditches, gardens, disturbed sites, waterways, waste grounds, flooded grasslands, edges of saline waterholes and irrigated fields. The plant is predominant on damp, fertile, heavy-textured soils in areas which are seasonally rather than permanently flooded. It is often cultivated on marginal lands where rice and other crops will not grow well.  The plant has shallow fibrous root.  Culms are stout, usually reddish-purple, erect, ascending or decumbent, often branching from the base, often rooting at the lower nodes, 20-60 cm tall, sometimes nodes conspicuously swollen and usually geniculate, compressed, lower inter nodes often exposed.

    Leaves

    Leaf sheaths are smooth and glabrous and leaf is linear, soft, 15–40 cm long and 1–2.5 cm wide, glabrous, with wavy margins and without ligules. Panicles is 15–20 cm long, erect to slightly drooping at maturity.

    Inflorescence

    Inflorescence is a terminal panicle with widely spaced, appressed or spreading branches of spike-like racemes, branches single or occasionally paired at the nodes. These primary branches unbranched, panicle mostly 0.03-0.15 m  long,  branches  0.01-0.02  (hardly  0.03  m)  long; axis  and branches  glabrousor  with  some  hairs.  Spikelets are sub sessile, paired, and densely arranged from branch base along one side of the flattened rach is in 2-4 rows.

    Spikelets 

    Spikelets have one terminal perfect floret with a sterile floret below, with two glumes.  Spikelets  are 0.00254  m  long and 0.001-0.0015  m  wide, ovate  to  elliptic,  awnless  but  sharp-pointed,  weakly hispid-scabrous on the veins; sub sessile; disarticulating below the glumes. First glume is acute, thick, triangular, 0.001-0.0015 m  long,  about  half  as  long  as  spikelet,  3-5  veined;  second glume  and  sterile lemma  equal,  acute to  acuminate, usually hispid-scabrous  to  glabrate,  faintly  veined,  veins  weakly hispid-scabrous; sterile lemma 5-veined. Fertile lemma is plano convex, elliptic, smooth and shiny, abruptly sharp-pointed or cuspidate, margins in rolled below over palea with the apex of palea not enclosed. Palea is flat, surface texture similar to fertile lemma. Caryopsis is 0.0018 m long, elliptic and acute.

    History

    Its native habitat is unknown and is believed to be in Asia – Himalaya to West Malaysia. It is considered to be a cultivated derivative of Echinochloa colona that arose in India and perhaps Africa. It is cultivated as a fodder grass and cereal in tropical Asia, Africa, Australia, western United States and Canada and in China- Anhui, Guangxi, Guizhou, Heilongjiang, Henan, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Sichuan, Yunnan and Taiwan.

    Jungle rice Image Gallery
    Closer-view-of-spikelet-of-Jungle-Rice Closer-view-of-spikelet-of-Jungle-Rice
    Flower-of-Jungle-rice Flower-of-Jungle-rice
    Immature-spikelets-of-Jungle-Rice Immature-spikelets-of-Jungle-Rice
    Jungle-rice Jungle-rice
    Jungle-rice-plant Jungle-rice-plant
    Jungle-rice-plant-growing-wild Jungle-rice-plant-growing-wild
    Jungle-rice-Recipe Jungle-rice-Recipe
    Leaf-of-Jungle-rice-plant Leaf-of-Jungle-rice-plant
    Mature-Seedhead-of-Jungle-rice Mature-Seedhead-of-Jungle-rice
    Plant-Illustration-of-Jungle-rice Plant-Illustration-of-Jungle-rice
    Root-of-Jungle-Rice Root-of-Jungle-Rice
    Sketch-of-Jungle-rice Sketch-of-Jungle-rice

    Health Benefits of Jungle Rice

    As mentioned above, we can have the health benefits of jungle rice by regularly consume this tiny grained rice. Just like the common Benefits of Seeds and Grains for overall health, here are some health benefits we can get from consuming jungle rice.

    1. Improve heart health

    Dietary fiber in jungle rice is also good to improve the health of the heart. It is possible since the healthy food with high fiber content is able to cut off the bad cholesterol in the blood. As we know, cholesterol is strongly linked with the health of heart. This way, the consumption of jungle rice is able to reduce the risk of heart diseases, such as coronary heart.

    2. Boost immune system

    Samo or jungle rice consists of a good amount of vitamin C. the existence of vitamin A, C, and fiber as the antioxidants in jungle rice is able to prevent many diseases development. The antioxidants are able to combat the attack from free radicals and help eliminating unwanted material in the body.

    3. Maintain healthy digestion

    Not only the excellent in controlling weight, the dietary fiber in jungle rice is beneficial for the whole digestive system. This digestible food is able to maintain bowel movement, so that it is potential to prevent constipation. In addition, the minerals such selenium and manganese is able to protect the gastro intestinal lining by form a shield, so that it is not easily infected.

    4. Good for diabetic

    Although jungle rice consists of good amount of carbohydrate, it is proved to be low in sugar content. It makes jungle rice or samo is very good for people with diabetes. It is possible since diabetic should consume foods with low glycemic index. This way, diabetic is able to avoid spike up blood sugar by replacing white rice with jungle rice. In addition, they don’t have to worry about the taste, as the jungle rice is able to be combined with their usual favorite side dishes for rice and the most important thing, it is equally filling.

    5. Lose weight

    High level of dietary fiber in jungle rice enables you to feel full a little longer after eat this rice. This way, you can prevent cravings and manage your food intake. It is very suitable for you who are in weight loss diet program. Jungle rice will do amazing thing to your weight.

    6. Energizing

    We can consider jungle rice as one of the healthy and beneficial staple foods for some reasons. One of the reasons is that it has balanced carbohydrate, protein, and fat. It is just as suggested by the healthy Ayurveda food. The perfect composition of carbohydrate, protein, and fats as the main sources of energy is able to provide us with energy.

    In spite of the energy content in jungle rice, it yet still feels light in the digestive tract. The benefits can also be obtained from regular rice with a super food Quinoa, which own the Health Benefits of Rice and Quinoa.

    Traditional uses and benefits of Jungle Rice

    • The plant is useful in the treatment of biliousness and constipation.
    • The plant is used in spleen and hemorrhage problems.
    • It is also used in nausea and constipation.
    • Tuber of the plant is said to be possess anti-emetic values and act as a sedative in dyspeptic disorders particularly in vomiting during pregnancy.
    • Entire plant or parts of the plant are used for different disorders including wound healing, anti-diabetic, anti-ulcer and antiseptic.

    Culinary Uses

    • Seeds are cooked and used as millet.
    • Seed can be cooked whole or ground into flour and used as a mush or porridge.
    • Young plants and shoots are consumed raw or cooked.
    • It can be consumed raw with rice.
    • Young shoots of barnyard millets are eaten as a vegetable in Java.
    • Seeds are boiled in water and used as a substitute for rice in Rajasthan, India.
    • Seeds are also ground into flour, sometimes being mixed with maize or black gram, and made into bread or porridge.
    • In India seeds of this grass are used to prepare a food dish called khichadi and are consumed during festival fasting days.
    • The grain can be cooked whole in water, like rice, or boiled with milk and sugar and eaten as porridge or can be ground into flour.
    • Grains can be fermented to make beer.
    • Young plants and shoots are edible and can be eaten in times of scarcity.

    Jungle rice pudding for fast

    Ingredients

    • Jungle rice ¼ cups
    • Ghee 1 tsp
    • Milk 3 cups
    • Sugar 3-4 tbsp.
    • Pistachio 1 tbsp.
    • Almonds 3 tbsp.
    • Green cardamom 4

    Directions

    1. Clean and wash the Jungle rice. Soak them in the water for 5 minutes. Remove the water and leave the Jungle rice on the strainer.
    2. Blance, and thinly slice the pistachio, and almonds.
    3. Remove the green skin of the cardamoms and grind the seeds in the mortar.
    4. In a sauce pan/wok heat the ghee. Now fry rice for a minute in the ghee on medium heat.
    5. Add milk in the rice and boil it on medium heat. After the first boil reduce the heat and cook until rice is completely cooked. It takes about 10 minutes to cook the rice. Keep stirring the mixture.
    6. Add sliced almonds, and sugar. Mix well and cook for a couple of minutes. Turn off the heat.
    7. Jungle rice kheer is ready. Let it cool.
    8. Garnish with ground cardamoms and slivered pistachio and serve.

    Jungle rice Chakli

    Ingredients

    • Jungle rice – 125 grams (3/4 cup)
    • Cumin seeds – 1/2 tsp.
    • Rock salt – 1/2 tsp. or as per taste
    • Sesame seeds – 1 tsp.
    • Peppercorns – 1/2 tsp. (freshly ground)
    • Oil – 1 tbsp.
    • Oil – for frying chakli

    Directions

    1. Wash the Jungle rice and soak them in water for 2 hours. After this drain the water and grind them bit coarsely in a mixture grinder without adding water. If required, add 1 or 2 tsp. water.
    2. Place the pan over flame; add rice paste and 1 tsp. oil to it. Roast for 1 to 2 minute on medium flame. Stir constantly to roast the paste. Thicken the paste until it gets consistency same as that of dough.
    3. Take out dough in a bowl and allow it to cool. Now add cumin seeds, sesame seeds, rock salt, peppercorns and knead the dough until smooth and soft. Dough for making chakli is ready.

    Making Chakli

    1. Make a lump from dough and roll lengthwise. Now place this dough ball into the chakli machine (cookie press). Close the machine.
    2. Take a thick polythene sheet and place it over kitchen top.
    3. Press the machine and make round chaklis over the polythene sheet. Make 7 to 8 chaklis over the polythene sheet.

    Frying Chaklis

    1. Take oil in a wok and heat. The oil should be medium hot. Lift up the chakli from polythene sheet very gently so that its shape remains intact.
    2. Place the chakli in hot oil. Fry the chaklis on medium-high flame. Place as many chaklis as possible in the oil and fry until they turn golden brown in color from all sides.
    3. Take them out in plate with absorbent paper. Likewise prepare all chaklis.
    4. Chakli for fasts is ready. When chakli cools, place them in air tight container and relish eating whenever you want for up to a month.

    Other facts

    • The seed of Jungle rice is used as a feed for caged birds.
    • This millet is cultivated for forage and grain, also sometimes as a soil stabilizer.
    • It is frequently planted for temporary control of erosion in newly cleared and ploughed sandy soils because they grow rapidly and seed is cheap.
    • Jungle rice is a valuable fodder relished by all classes of livestock, notably dairy animals and water buffaloes.
    • Stems are used in weaving mats.

    References:

    https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=40670#null

    http://www.hear.org/pier/species/echinochloa_colona.htm

    https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=316659

    https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Echinochloa+colona

    https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/20368

    http://www.floracatalana.net/echinochloa-colona-l-link

    https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=ECCO2

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinochloa_colona

    https://www.feedipedia.org/node/452

    http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-410176

    https://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/media/Html/echinochloa_colona.htm

    http://www.knowledgebank.irri.org/training/fact-sheets/item/echinochloa-colona

    https://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Echinochloa_colona_(PROSEA)

    https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/ECHCO

    http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Echinochloa+colona

    https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Jungle%20Rice.html

    https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/229599

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    Jungle Rice Scientific Classification

    Scientific Name: Echinochloa colona

    Rank Scientific Name & (Common Name)
    Kingdom Plantae (Plants)
    Subkingdom Tracheobionta (Vascular plants)
    Infrakingdom Streptophyta  (land plants)
    Super Division Spermatophyta (Seed plants)
    Division Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants)
    Sub Division Spermatophytina  (spermatophytes, seed plants, phanérogames)
    Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledons)
    Sub Class Commelinidae
    Super Order Lilianae  (monocots, monocotyledons, monocotylédones)
    Order Cyperales
    Family Poaceae ⁄ Gramineae (Grass family)
    Genus Echinochloa P. Beauv. (cockspur grass)
    Species Echinochloa colona (L.) Link (jungle rice)
    Synonyms
    • Brachiaria longifolia Gilli
    • Chamaeraphis brachiariiformis (Steud.) Kuntze
    • Digitaria cuspidata (Roxb.) Schult.
    • Echinochloa colona f. vivipara Beetle
    • Echinochloa colona f. zonalis (Guss.) Wiegand
    • Echinochloa colona var. equitans (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Cufod.
    • Echinochloa colona var. glauca (Sickenb.) N.D.Simpson
    • Echinochloa colona var. glomerulosa Lojac., 1909
    • Echinochloa colona var. leiantha Boiss.
    • Echinochloa colona var. repens (Sickenb.) N.D.Simpson
    • Echinochloa colona var. zonale (Guss.) Wooton & Stanley, 1912
    • Echinochloa colona var. zonalis (Guss.) Wooton & Standl.
    • Echinochloa colonum var. zonalis (Guss.) Wooton & Standl.
    • Echinochloa crus-galli subsp. colona (L.) Honda
    • Echinochloa divaricata Andersson
    • Echinochloa equitans (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) C.E.Hubb.
    • Echinochloa subverticillata Pilg.
    • Echinochloa zonalis (Guss.) Parl.
    • Eriochloa colonum (L.) Link
    • Milium colonum (L.) Kunth
    • Milium colonum (L.) Moench
    • Oplismenus colonus (L.) Kunth
    • Oplismenus colonus var. colonus (L.) Coss. & Durieu, 1855
    • Oplismenus colonus var. zonalis (Guss.) Schrad.
    • Oplismenus crus-galli var. colonus (L.) Coss. & Durieu
    • Oplismenus cuspidatus (Roxb.) Kunth
    • Oplismenus daltonii (Parl. ex Webb) J.A.Schmidt
    • Oplismenus margaritaceus (Link) Kunth
    • Oplismenus muticus Phil.
    • Oplismenus pseudocolonus (Roth) Kunth
    • Oplismenus repens J.Presl
    • Oplismenus zonalis (Guss.) J.Woods, 1850
    • Orthopogon dichotomus Llanos
    • Orthopogon subverticillatus Llanos
    • Panicum aegyptiacum Gouan
    • Panicum brachiariaeforme Steud.
    • Panicum brachiariiforme Steud.
    • Panicum brizoides L.
    • Panicum caesium Hook. & Arn.
    • Panicum colonum L.
    • Panicum colonum f. maculatum Arechav.
    • Panicum colonum var. angustatum Peter
    • Panicum colonum var. atroviolaceum Hack.
    • Panicum colonum var. equitans (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) T.Durand & Schinz
    • Panicum colonum var. glaucum Sickenb.
    • Panicum colonum var. haematodes (C.Presl) Richt.
    • Panicum colonum var. humile Nees
    • Panicum colonum var. pseudocolonum (Roth ex Roem. & Schult.) Steud., 1841
    • Panicum colonum var. pseudocolonum (Roth) Nees
    • Panicum colonum var. repens Sickenb.
    • Panicum colonum var. zonale (Guss.) L.H.Dewey
    • Panicum crus-galli subsp. colonum (L.) K.Richt.
    • Panicum crus-galli subsp. colonum (L.) Makino & Nemoto
    • Panicum crus-galli subsp. colonum (L.) Trab., 1895
    • Panicum crus-galli var. colonum (L.) Fiori
    • Panicum crus-galli var. colonum Cosson
    • Panicum crus-galli var. colonum Cosson ex Richter
    • Panicum crus-galli var. minus Thwaites
    • Panicum cumingianum Steud.
    • Panicum cuspidatum Roxb.
    • Panicum daltonii Parl.
    • Panicum daltonii Parl. ex Webb
    • Panicum echinochloa T.Durand & Schinz
    • Panicum equitans Hochst.
    • Panicum equitans Hochst. ex A.Rich.
    • Panicum equitans f. aquaticum Chiov.
    • Panicum equitans f. terrestris Chiov.
    • Panicum flaccidum J.Koenig
    • Panicum flaccidum J.Koenig ex Hook.f.
    • Panicum geniculatum Forssk.
    • Panicum geniculatum Forssk. ex Spreng.
    • Panicum haematodes C.Presl
    • Panicum hookeri Parl.
    • Panicum incertum Bosc
    • Panicum incertum Bosc ex Steud.
    • Panicum margaritaceum Link
    • Panicum musei Steud.
    • Panicum numidianum C.Presl
    • Panicum petiveri Kotschy
    • Panicum petiveri Kotschy ex Griseb.
    • Panicum prorepens Steud.
    • Panicum pseudocolonum Roth
    • Panicum pseudocolonum Roth ex Roem. & Schult., 1817
    • Panicum tetrastichum Forssk.
    • Panicum zonale Guss.
    • Setaria brachiariaeformis (Steud.) T.Durand & Schinz
    • Setaria brachiariiformis (Steud.) T.Durand & Schinz
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