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    Home»Herbs and Spices»Facts about Malacca Ginger
    Herbs and Spices

    Facts about Malacca Ginger

    By SylviaDecember 9, 2021Updated:December 9, 2021No Comments8 Mins Read
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      Alpinia malaccensis scientifically known as Malacca Ginger is a robust herb belonging to Zingiberaceae family. The plant is mostly cultivated for ornamental and medicinal purposes. The plant is native to Northeast India to Indochina, Assam, Myanmar, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia to China—Xizang and Yunnan. It is cultivated in India, Java and Southern Java. Oil is obtained from dried rhizome. It has numerous medicinal properties. The plant is used medicinally, as a food and also supplies an essential oil. Some of the popular common names of the plant include Malacca Ginger, Malacca Galangal, Rieng Malacca and Ornamental Ginger. Alpinia malaccensis is a robust herb that is strongly aromatic when bruised.

    Malacca Ginger Facts

    Malacca Ginger Quick Facts
    Name: Malacca Ginger
    Scientific Name: Alpinia malaccensis
    Origin Northeast India to Indochina, Assam, Myanmar, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia to China
    Colors Initially green turning to orange when ripe
    Shapes Capsule that is almost spherical about 2 cm in diam., with slight depressions at each end. They are covered with fine hairs
    Health benefits Support for sores, wounds, rheumatism, arthritis, intestinal disorders, scabies, stomachache, bronchitis, cough, healthy gums and teeth
    Name Malacca Ginger
    Scientific Name Alpinia malaccensis
    Native Northeast India to Indochina, Assam, Myanmar, Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia to China—Xizang and Yunnan. It is cultivated in India, Java and Southern Java
    Common Names Malacca Ginger, Malacca Galangal, Rieng Malacca, Ornamental Ginger
    Name in Other Languages Assamese: Kaupat 
    Bengali: Deotara, Kulañjana (কুলঞ্জন)
    Chinese : Mao Ban Shan Jiang (毛瓣山姜)
    English: Malacca Ginger, Malacca Galangal, Rieng Malacca, Ornamental Ginger
    German : Malakka-Galgant
    Indonesia: Langkuas Malaka, Laja Gowah, Polang, Seruleu Gayo Puar, Lengkuas melaka
    Laos : Mak Kha
    Madhya Pradesh: Jangali Adrak
    Malayalam: Kāṭṭaratta (കാട്ടരത്ത)
    Malaysia : Bangle, Puar
    Meghalaya: Gong
    Mishing: Lisin
    Philippines : Simionan, Punan, Barapat, Kalaeug, Sigiapag, Tagusahis, Tam- Tamo, Birao-Birao, Bagumbung, Tagbak-Babae, Tagbak-Lalaki, Tukang-Maya
    Sudanese: Laja goah
    Thailand : Kha Pa (ข่าป่า )
    Vietnamese : Riềng Malacca
    Plant Growth Habit Robust, perennial, rhizomatous herbaceous plant
    Growing Climates Secondary vegetation, bamboo and teak forest, brushwood and ravines, primary forest, shaded rocky outcrops and open areas near streams or rivers
    Soil Soils rich in organic matter from near sea level
    Plant Size 1.8-3 m or more in height
    Stem Plant produces leafy stems 2 – 4 meters tall from stout rhizomes just below the soil surface, growing close together in large clumps
    Leaf Plant produces leafy stems 2 – 4 meters tall from stout rhizomes just below the soil surface, growing close together in large clumps
    Flowering season April-May
    Flower Flowers are borne in erect racemes, up to 35 cm; axis stout, densely yellow velvet-hairy; bracteoles white, broadly elliptic, 3.5–4 cm. Flower-stalk is about 7 mm, densely yellow velvet-hairy
    Fruit Shape & Size Capsule that is almost spherical about 2 cm in diam., with slight depressions at each end. They are covered with fine hairs
    Fruit Color Initially green turning to orange when ripe
    Plant Parts Used Leaves, fruits, seeds and rhizome
    Propagation By seeds, dividing rhizomes, tubers, corms or bulbs (including offsets)

    Plant Description

    Malacca Ginger is a robust, perennial, rhizomatous herbaceous plant that normally grows about 1.8-3 m or more in height. The plant is found growing in secondary vegetation, bamboo and teak forest, brushwood and ravines, primary forest, shaded rocky outcrops and open areas near streams or rivers. The plant prefers soils rich in organic matter from near sea level. The plant produces leafy stems 2 – 4 meters tall from stout rhizomes just below the soil surface, growing close together in large clumps. Ligule is 2-cleft, up to 1 cm and slightly tomentosa. They have a self-supporting growth form.

    Leaves

    The plant has large glossy green leaves arranged in 2 rows on the upper half of the stem. Leaves are oblong-lance or lance shaped, up to 60-90 cm long and 10-15 cm wide and abaxially pubescent; below velvet-hairy, base pointed and tip tapering. Petiole is 2 cm and is grooved.

    Immature-fruits-of-Malacca-Ginger Immature-fruits-of-Malacca-Ginger
    Flowers-of-Malacca-Ginger Flowers-of-Malacca-Ginger
    Malacca-Ginger-plant-growing-wild Malacca-Ginger-plant-growing-wild
    Malacca-Ginger-Plant Malacca-Ginger-Plant
    Leaves-of-Malacca-Ginger Leaves-of-Malacca-Ginger
    Flowering-buds-of-Malacca-Ginger Flowering-buds-of-Malacca-Ginger
    Plant-illustration-of-Malacca-Ginger Plant-illustration-of-Malacca-Ginger
    Mature-fruits-of-Malacca-Ginger Mature-fruits-of-Malacca-Ginger
    Sketch-of-Malacca-Ginger Sketch-of-Malacca-Ginger
    Malacca Ginger Image Gallery

    Flower

    The inflorescences are the showiest parts of the plant. They are held erect at the tip of the stem, bearing among the largest of the Alpinia flowers. Flowers are borne in erect racemes, up to 35 cm; axis stout, densely yellow velvet-hairy; bracteoles white, broadly elliptic, 3.5–4 cm. Flower-stalk is about 7 mm, densely yellow velvet-hairy. Calyx is bell-shaped, about 1.5 cm, densely silky. Flowers are white, silky; tube about 1 cm; lobes oblong-lanceshaped, 2.5–3 cm. Lateral staminodes are absent. Lip is yellow with red stripes, ovate, about 3.5 cm, tip notched. Stamen is about 2.4 cm long. Ovary is hairy.

    The flowers are very attractive; especially the bright yellow lip mottled with red at the base, with red lines extending to the edge of the lip. Fully open flowers emit a slightly foul smell similar to rotten meat. Flowering normally takes place in between April till May.

    Fruits

    Fertile flowers are followed by capsule that is almost spherical about 2 cm in diam., with slight depressions at each end. They are covered with fine hairs and turn orange when ripe. If crushed, the fruits emit a smell like the leaves of Piper sarmentosum, a culinary spice and salad, known in Malaysia as ‘daun kadok’.

    Traditional uses and benefits of Malacca Ginger

    • Fruit is also utilized like the rhizomes medicinally.
    • Rhizomes are crushed and applied to sores, wounds and boils.
    • Ripe and unripe fruits are infused with salt and used as an emetic to control vomiting.
    • Fragrant fruits are pounded and used for washing clothes and hairs by Amboinese girls as it leaves a pleasant scent.
    • Oils of A. conchigera and A. malaccensis have been reported to be used in folk medicine in the treatment of rheumatism and arthritis.
    • Rhizomes are used in the treatment of sores by the Mishing tribe in Assam, India, and in the Hoshangabad district in Madhya Pradesh, India.
    • Decoction of the fruit or crushed seeds is applied on gastralgia with tympanites, and it is used for bathing feverish people in Philippines.
    • In Sumedang and Subang, West Java, the leaf is used in children as an anti-vomiting, and rhizome oil used as massage oil.
    • Juice from boiled rhizomes is used to treat intestinal disorders and crushed rhizomes used topical for scabies in Vietnam.
    • Juice extracted from the leaves of the plant is used for the treatment of stomachache.
    • An extract made with the fruit of the plant by boiling in water for having hot bath once a day for three days to treat fever.
    • Fresh juice extracted from the rhizomes of the plant is taken twice a day (5 ml amount each time) for three days to treat indigestion.
    • Pea sized pills made with the leaves of the plant are taken twice a day (2 pills each time) for two weeks to treat abdominal pain.
    • Paste prepared from the rhizomes of the plant is applied to cure wounds and sores.
    • Fresh juice extracted from the rhizomes of the plant is taken thrice a day (three tea spoons each time) for three days to treat respiratory problems like bronchitis.
    • Fresh juice extracted from the leaves of the plant is used to treat cough.
    • Flower buds juice in Luke warm water is used as a mouthwash for healthy gums and teeth.
    • Rhizome decoction is used to wash blisters on skin.
    • Fruits are prescribed as an emetic.
    • Tuber paste of A. malaccensis is applied as curative on sores.
    • An infusion of the ripe and unripe fruits, with a little salt, is taken as an emetic.
    • Decoction is used for bathing feverish people.
    • The rhizome is used as a traditional medicine to cure nausea, vomiting and certain wounds.

    Culinary Uses

    • In Indonesia and Laos the fruits are eaten.
    • In Laos, both the fruits and the root of this herb can be used as food.
    • Fruits are mainly collected and sold to Chinese traders; the villagers in Ban Kachet located in a mountainous area, 750 m altitude, in the north- western part of Luang Prabang province, themselves do not use the fruit.
    • Root is for subsistence use as a spice and sold, bringing 50 kip/kg.
    • The plant shoots are a local food item.
    • Rhizome is occasionally used as a spice and is eaten as a vegetable in North eastern India.
    • Rhizomes were chewed in the Moluccas, together with betel nut (Areca catechu) to make the voice strong and clear.
    • Rhizome is cooked as vegetable by the Garo tribe in Meghalaya, India.
    • The rhizome is occasionally used as a spice.
    • The rhizome is eaten as a vegetable in India.

    Other facts

    • The plant is cultivated as an ornamental house plant.
    • The aromatic oil, obtained from the leaves or rhizomes, is known by the trade name essence d’Amali or essence of Amali and is commonly used in perfumery.
    • It is used also as a seasoning ingredient in processed meat.

    References:

    https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/AIIMA

    http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-218892

    https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/264117

    https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Malacca%20Ginger.html

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    Malacca Ginger Scientific Classification

    Scientific Name: Alpinia malaccensis

    Rank Scientific Name & (Common Name)
    Kingdom Plantae (Plants)
    Subkingdom Tracheobionta (Vascular plants)
    Infrakingdom Streptophyta  (land plants)
    Division Magnoliophyta
    Class Liliopsida
    Subclass Zingiberidae
    Order Zingiberales
    Family Zingiberaceae
    Sub Family Alpinioideae
    Genus Alpinia
    Species Alpinia malaccensis
    Synonyms
    • Alpinia malaccensis var. malaccensis
    • Alpinia nutans var. sericea Baker
    • Buekia malaccensis (Burm.f.) Raeusch.
    • Catimbium malaccense (Burm.f.) Holttum
    • Costus malaccensis Koenig
    • Languas malaccensis (Burm.f.) Merr.
    • Maranta malaccensis Burm.f.
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