Health Benefits
    Facebook Twitter Instagram
    Trending
    • Health benefits of Azores Laurel
    • Health benefits of Wild Kumquat
    • Health benefits of Little Medick
    • Health benefits of Roundleaf alumroot
    • Health benefits of Wild Caper Bush
    • Health benefits of Wood nettle
    • Health benefits of Chinese Catalpa
    • Health benefits of Spear Saltbush
    Health Benefits
    Health Benefits
    Home»Herbs and Spices»Facts about Perennial ryegrass
    Herbs and Spices

    Facts about Perennial ryegrass

    By SylviaApril 27, 2022Updated:April 27, 2022No Comments11 Mins Read
    Facebook Twitter Pinterest LinkedIn Tumblr Email

    Perennial ryegrass Quick Facts
    Name: Perennial ryegrass
    Scientific Name: Lolium perenne
    Origin Northern Africa (i.e. Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia), the Azores, the Madeira Islands, the Canary Islands, Europe, western Asia, southern Russia, Afghanistan and the Indian sub-continent
    Colors Light tan (Seed)
    Shapes Grains are 3-5.5 mm. long and 0.7 to 1.5 mm wide, narrowly oblongoid in shape, narrowly grooved along one side (Seed)
    Health benefits Support for cancer, diarrhea, hemorrhages and malaria.
    Lolium perenne commonly known as perennial ryegrass is a long-lived species of grass belonging to Poaceae / Gramineae (Grass family). The plant is native to Northern Africa (i.e. Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia), the Azores, the Madeira Islands, the Canary Islands, Europe, western Asia, southern Russia, Afghanistan and the Indian sub-continent (i.e. Pakistan and north-western India). It is widely cultivated and naturalized around the world. Few of the popular common names of the plant are English ryegrass, perennial rye grass, perennial rye-grass, ryegrass, rye grass, Italian ryegrass, Darnel, Lyme Grass, Terrell Grass and ray grass.

    Genus name is the classical Latin name for a species of rye-grass. Specific epithet means perennial. ‘Manhattan’ is considered to be finer and more uniform than the species. It’s hardy, tough, quick to germinate, and stands up well to a lot of use. For these reasons, most general purpose or utility lawn seed mixes and turf contain a high proportion of perennial ryegrass, along with other grasses. The exception is ‘fine’ or ‘bowling green’ type lawns, both due to leaf size and because perennial ryegrass doesn’t thrive if regularly mown very short. It is regarded as an environmental weed in New South Wales, Victoria and Western Australia. This species is grown as a pasture grass and is also intentionally planted in recreation areas in the temperate regions of Australia. It often becomes naturalized in agricultural areas, along roadsides and near habitation, but also invades a wide variety of natural habitats.

    Perennial Ryegrass Facts

    Name Perennial ryegrass
    Scientific Name Lolium perenne
    Native Northern Africa (i.e. Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco and Tunisia), the Azores, the Madeira Islands, the Canary Islands, Europe, western Asia, southern Russia, Afghanistan and the Indian sub-continent (i.e. Pakistan and north-western India)
    Common Names English ryegrass, perennial rye grass, perennial rye-grass, perennial ryegrass, ryegrass, rye grass, Italian ryegrass, Darnel, Lyme Grass, Terrell Grass, ray grass
    Name in Other Languages Afrikaans: Meerjarige raaigras
    Albanian: Egjri shumëvjeçar, egjër
    Arabic: Gazun (جزون،) hashish alfurs (hashysh alfars) (حشيش الفرس (حَشيش الفَرس), samah (sammh) (صامه (صَامّه), zawan mueamar (زوان معمر)
    Basque: llollo belarra, llollo-belarra, llollobelar ingeles, lolloa, Ingeles llollobelar
    Belarusian: Zycik mnohahadovy (жыцік многагадовы)
    Bulgarian: Angliĭski raĭgras (английски райграс), pasishten raĭgras (пасищен райграс)
    Catalan: Margay, margall, margall perenne, margall trepitjat, raigrà, raigràs angles                           
    Chinese: Duo nian hei mai cao (多年黑麦草 ), Hei mai cao (黑麦草)
    Croatian: Višegodišnji ljulj           
    Czech: Jílek anglický, Jílek ozimý, Jílek vytrvalý
    Danish: Almindelig rajgræs
    Dutch: Engels raaigras
    English: English ryegrass, Perennial ryegrass, Eavers, darnel, Lyme rye grass, strand-wheat, Terrell’s grass
    Estonian: Inglise raihein,  Karjamaa-raihein
    Finnish:  Englanninraiheinä
    French: Ivraie vivace, Ray-grass anglais, ray-grass, ray-grass commun
    Galician: Ballico
    German: Ausdauerndes Weidelgras, Deutsches Weidelgras , Englisches Raygras, ausdauernder Lolch, Dauerlolch, Dauerweidelgras, englisches Raygras, Raigras    
    Greek: Íra polyetís ( Ήρα πολυετής ),   Lolio to polietes (Λόλιο το πολυετές ), polyetís íra (πολυετής ήρα)
    Hebrew: Zun rav-shenati, זוּן רַב-שְׁנָתִי     
    Hungarian: Angolperje 
    Icelandic: Vallarrýgresi
    Italian: Loglierella, Loietto inglese,  Loglio comune, Loglio inglese, Loglio perenne, loiessa
    Japanese: Pereniaru raigurasu (ペレニアルライグラス),  Hoso mugi (ホソムギ  ), bereniaru-raigurasu
    Kabyle: Aṛaṭiw izirdi
    Kashubian: Wëtrzëmałi pòszczesnik
    Korean: Homilpul
    Latvian: Daudzgadīgā airene
    Lithuanian: Daugiametė svidrė
    Macedonian: Obična pijanka (обична пијанка)
    Nepali: Rā’ī ghām̐sa (राई घाँस)
    Norwegian: Raigras, engels Raaigras
    Occitan: Margalh
    Persian: چچم پایدار
    Polish: Rajgras angielski, Życica trawała
    Portuguese: Azevém-perene,  Azevém-vivaz, Gazão,  Lólio-perenne, Ryegrass da Inglaterra, alcácer-de-muro, aveia-de-muro, azevém, erva-de-semente, gazão, joio-silvestre, joio-vivaz, raigrás, reigrasse-dos-ingleses, reigresse       
    Romanian: Raigras englezesc
    Russian: Plevel mnogoletnij (Плевел многолетний), angliyskiy raygras (английский райграс)
    Serbian: Engleska trava (енглеска трава), utrinac (утринац), utrinac ljulj (утринац љуљ), obični ljulj (обични љуљ)
    Slovakian: Mätonoh trváci
    Slovenian: Angleška ljuljka, trpežna ljuljka
    South Africa: Meerjarige raaisgra                            
    Spanish: Ballico perenne, Césped inglés, Raigrás perenne, Raygras, Ray-grass inglés, Valluco perenne, ballico, hierba triguera, raigras ingles, raigrás, vallico, zacate ray, zacate ballico perenne
    Swedish: Engelskt rajgräs, engelski rajgras
    Turkish: Çok yıllık çim, İngiliz çimi
    Ukrainian: Pazhytnytsya bahatorichna (пажитниця багаторічна), Rayhras pasovyshchnyy (Райграс пасовищний)
    Upper Sorbian: Hładka motawa
    Welsh: Rhygwellt lluosflwydd, Rhygwellt parhaol
    Plant Growth Habit Low-growing, tufted, hairless grass, with a bunching (or tillering) growth habit
    Growing Climates Old fields, roadsides, railroads, waste places, shrub land, riparian habitats, freshwater wetlands, coastal beaches, grassland, pastures, meadows and disturbed places, heath, awns, vacant lots, fallow fields, open waste areas
    Soil Grows best on rather heavy, rich, moist soils, but also does well on well-manured lighter soils with sufficient moisture. It dislikes shade and requires a well-drained soil
    Plant Size 30 to 100 cm tall
    Root Fibrous root system, with thick main roots and thinner lateral branches. Roots are usually arbuscular mycorrhizal
    Leaf Leaves of perennial ryegrass are folded lengthwise in the bud (in contrast to those of annual ryegrass, which are rolled). Leaf blades are 0.08 to 0.25 inches wide (2 to 6 mm) and 2 to 6 inches long (5 to 15 cm). They are sharply taper-pointed and keeled. Blades are bright green. They are prominently ridged on the upper surface.
    Flowering season May-July
    Flower Each fertile culm terminates in a flowering spike about 4-10 inches long. This spike consists of several sessile spikelets that alternate along two sides of the rachis (central stalk of the spike). The rachis is slightly indented where each spikelet occurs, providing it with a curvilinear zigzag appearance. Each non-terminal spikelet is 8-16 mm. in length, consisting of a single outer glume at its base and 4-10 lemmas that are arranged in 2 overlapping ranks. The lemmas are 4-7 mm. in length, oblong in shape, convex along their outer surfaces, longitudinally veined, and hairless. The floret of each fertile lemma consists of an ovary, a pair of feathery stigmata, and 3 stamens. The outer glume is longer than individual lemmas, but shorter than the spikelet. Aside from its greater length, the glume is similar in appearance to the lemmas
    Fruit Shape & Size Grains are 3-5.5 mm. long and 0.7 to 1.5 mm wide, narrowly oblongoid in shape, narrowly grooved along one side
    Fruit Color Light Tan
    Propagation By seed
    Traditional uses and benefits
    • The plant has occasionally been used in the treatment of cancer, diarrhea, hemorrhages and malaria.
    Culinary Uses
    • Seed are cooked and used as a cereal.
    • The seed has a nutritional value similar to oats.

    Plant Description

    Perennial ryegrass is low-growing, tufted, hairless grass, with a bunching (or tillering) growth habit. The plant can grow about 30 to 100 cm tall from short rhizomes and tillers. The plants lack stolon or rhizomes. The plant is found growing in old fields, roadsides, railroads, waste places, shrub land, riparian habitats, freshwater wetlands, coastal beaches, grassland, pastures, meadows and disturbed places, heath, awns, vacant lots, fallow fields, open waste areas. It grows best on rather heavy, rich, moist soils, but also does well on well-manure lighter soils with sufficient moisture. It dislikes shade and requires a well-drained soil. The shallow root system is highly branched and produces adventitious roots from the basal nodes of tillers.

    Stem

    Flowering stems (culms) are comprised of nodes and internodes, each node bearing a leaf. Culms are 12 to 40 inches in height (30 to100 cm) depending on variety, moisture, and site conditions. The uppermost culm segment is called the peduncle, the structure that supports the flowering parts. The stem base commonly is reddish.

    Leaves

    Leaves of perennial ryegrass are folded lengthwise in the bud (in contrast to those of annual ryegrass, which are rolled). Leaf blades are 0.08 to 0.25 inches wide (2 to 6 mm) and 2 to 6 inches long (5 to 15 cm). They are sharply taper-pointed and keeled. Blades are bright green. They are prominently ridged on the upper surface. Lower surfaces are dark green, smooth, glossy, and hairless. Leaf margins are slightly rough to the touch. Blades increase in size from the first to the seventh leaf on a tiller, although tillers rarely have more than three live leaves at one time. Leaf sheaths usually are not keeled. They are compressed but some-times almost cylindrical. Sheaths are hairless, pale green and reddish at the base. They may be closed or split.

    Perennial-ryegrass-plant-grown-on-pot Perennial-ryegrass-plant-grown-on-pot
    Mature-fruits-of-Perennial-ryegrass Mature-fruits-of-Perennial-ryegrass
    Flowers-of-Perennial-ryegrass Flowers-of-Perennial-ryegrass
    Leaves-of-Perennial-ryegrass Leaves-of-Perennial-ryegrass
    Perennial-ryegrass-Plant Perennial-ryegrass-Plant
    Plant-Illustration-of-Perennial-ryegrass Plant-Illustration-of-Perennial-ryegrass
    Seeds-of-Perennial-ryegrass Seeds-of-Perennial-ryegrass
    Perennial-ryegrass-plant-growing-wild Perennial-ryegrass-plant-growing-wild
    Sketch-of-Perennial-ryegrass Sketch-of-Perennial-ryegrass
    Perennial ryegrass Image Gallery

    Flower

    Each fertile culm terminates in a flowering spike about 4-10 inches long. This spike consists of several sessile spikelets that alternate along two sides of the rachis (central stalk of the spike). The rachis is slightly indented where each spikelet occurs, providing it with a curvilinear zigzag appearance. Each non-terminal spikelet is 8-16 mm. in length, consisting of a single outer glume at its base and 4-10 lemmas that are arranged in 2 overlapping ranks. The lemmas are 4-7 mm. in length, oblong in shape, convex along their outer surfaces, longitudinally veined, and hairless. The floret of each fertile lemma consists of an ovary, a pair of feathery stigmata, and 3 stamens. The outer glume is longer than individual lemmas, but shorter than the spikelet. Aside from its greater length, the glume is similar in appearance to the lemmas. Terminal spikelets are the same as non-terminal spikelets, except they have 2 glumes; these glumes are similar to the outer glumes of the non-terminal spikelets. As the spikelets mature, they change in color from light green to light tan. The blooming period typically occurs during early summer, although this may be delayed by disturbance.

    Fruit

    The florets are cross-pollinated by the wind. Afterwards, the florets of fertile lemmas are replaced by grains. At maturity, these grains are 3-5.5 mm. long and 0.7 to 1.5 mm wide, narrowly oblongoid in shape, narrowly grooved along one side, and light tan. Disarticulation of the spikelets is above the glumes. There are approximately 247,000 seeds per pound.

    Few Facts

    • The plant has the potential to be used as a source of biomass.
    • Yields of up to 25 tons per hectare have been reported from Europe.
    • In the absence of definitive yield information an average yield of 17.5 tons of dry matter per hectare per year and an energy content of 17.5 GJ per metric ton are assumed.
    • There are approximately 230,000 seeds per pound.
    • Perennial ryegrass is a valuable forage and soil stabilization plant.
    • This species is the predominant forage grass in Europe, and has been used in the United States for forage and lawns.

    Prevention and Control

    Due to the variable regulations around (de)registration of pesticides, your national list of registered pesticides or relevant authority should be consulted to determine which products are legally allowed for use in your country when considering chemical control. Pesticides should always be used in a lawful manner, consistent with the product’s label.

    Physical/Mechanical Control

    Perennial ryegrass belongs to a group of perennial grasses that are very difficult to control with flaming. Rask et al. (2011) explored the use of flame weeding for control of a well-established dense stand of L. perenne ‘Maurice’ in Denmark. They showed that full control can be achieved with flaming, but it depends on the number of treatments as well as the dose of propane. At mean doses above 80 kg propane ha-1 with treatments carried out every second week for a year all weeds were completely killed and no regrowth was seen in the following two weeks.

    On a small scale, such as in a garden, perennial ryegrass can be controlled by pulling (if the ground is soft) or by digging. On a larger scale, ploughing by turning the sod or rotary hoeing is often the standard method of destroying a perennial ryegrass crop, occasionally with the purpose of renewing the pasture with newer or more appropriate cultivars of the same species.

    Biological Control

    Perennial ryegrass is ideally suited for biological control as there are a large number of insect pests and diseases that can damage or even kill the grass. However, being an extremely valuable and desirable pasture and turf species, biological control is unlikely to be used.

    Chemical Control

    Treatment of isolated individual plants and of very large areas of perennial ryegrass with glyphosate has been a widely established agricultural practice for many years now. Initial problems with temporary spring-time resistance to the herbicide were overcome with the addition of appropriate surfactants to the herbicide.

    DiTomaso et al. suggest the following herbicides for control of Perennial ryegrass in the western USA: aminocyclopyrachlor and chlorsulfuron, clethodim, fluazifop, hexazinone, imazapic, imazapyr, sethoxydim, sulfometuron, as well as glyphosate. Some of these are selective, killing grasses and not broad-leaf plants; others will kill most plants.

    Control by Utilization

    Overgrazing of Perennial ryegrass, especially when it is under stress, such as in a dry summer will lead to death of many of the plants and possibly their replacement by other, often weedy grass and herb species.

    References:

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lolium_perenne

    https://accs.uaa.alaska.edu/wp-content/uploads/Lolium_perenne_BIO_LOPE.pdf

    https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Perennial%20Ryegrass.html

    http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection/taxon.php?Taxon=Lolium%20perenne

    https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/243320

    https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/LOLPE

    https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=40893#null

    https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=22494

    https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Lolium+perenne

    https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/31166

    http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=263914&isprofile=0&Geranium

    http://soilcropandmore.info/crops/Grasses/Perennial_ryegrass/fs_lope.pdf

    http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/25509743

    https://apg.pir.sa.gov.au/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=22494

    http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/grasses/plants/english_ryegrass.htm

    https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Lolium_perenne.html

    https://plants.usda.gov/home/plantProfile?symbol=LOPE

    79%
    79%
    Awesome

    Comments

    comments

    Herbs and Spices P
    Share. Facebook Twitter Pinterest LinkedIn Tumblr Email
    Previous ArticleEverything You Should Know: Alpha-Linolenic Acid in Your Diet
    Next Article The Ultimate Beginner’s Guide to Getting Fit from Your Own Home

    Related Posts

    Health benefits of Azores Laurel

    September 24, 2023

    Health benefits of Little Medick

    September 17, 2023

    Health benefits of Roundleaf alumroot

    September 12, 2023

    Comments are closed.

    Perennial ryegrass Scientific Classification

    Scientific Name: Lolium perenne

    Rank Scientific Name & (Common Name)
    Kingdom Plantae (Plants)
    Subkingdom Tracheobionta (Vascular plants)
    Infrakingdom Streptophyta  (land plants)
    Superdivision Spermatophyta (Seed plants)
    Division Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants)
    Subdivision Spermatophytina  (spermatophytes, seed plants, phanérogames)
    Class Liliopsida (Monocotyledons)
    Subclass Commelinidae
    Superorder Lilianae  (monocots, monocotyledons, monocotyledons)
    Order Cyperales
    Family Poaceae / Gramineae (Grass family)
    Genus Lolium L. (ryegrass)
    Species Lolium perenne L. (perennial ryegrass)
    Synonyms
    • Festuca perennis (L.) Columbus & J.P.Sm.
    • Hordeum compressum Boiss. & Orph.
    • Lolium aechicum Rouville
    • Lolium agreste Roem. & Schult.
    • Lolium annuum Bernh.
    • Lolium annuum Gilib., 1792
    • Lolium brasilianum Nees
    • Lolium canadense Bernh.
    • Lolium canadense Bernh. ex Rouville
    • Lolium cechicum Opiz
    • Lolium compressum Boiss. & Orph.
    • Lolium compressum Boiss. & Orph. ex Nyman
    • Lolium cristatum Pers. ex B.D.Jacks.
    • Lolium cristatum Pers., 1805
    • Lolium felix Rouville
    • Lolium glumosum Planellas
    • Lolium gmelinii Honck.
    • Lolium halleri C.C.Gmel.
    • Lolium jechelianum Opiz
    • Lolium latum Roth
    • Lolium latum Roth ex Steud.
    • Lolium marschallii Steven
    • Lolium montevidense Rouville
    • Lolium multiflorum subsp. ramosum Guss.
    • Lolium multiflorum subsp. ramosum Guss. ex Arcang.
    • Lolium multiflorum var. ramosum Guss.
    • Lolium perenne f. aristulatum (Schur) Terrell
    • Lolium perenne f. microstachyum R.Uechtr.
    • Lolium perenne f. silvaticum Jansen & Wacht.
    • Lolium perenne subsp. aristulatum Schur
    • Lolium perenne subsp. brasilianum (Nees) Kuntze
    • Lolium perenne subsp. compositum Arcang., 1882
    • Lolium perenne subsp. compressum Sibth.
    • Lolium perenne subsp. cristatum (Pers.) K.Richt., 1890
    • Lolium perenne subsp. cristatum Pers.
    • Lolium perenne subsp. microstachyum R.Uechtr.
    • Lolium perenne subsp. pacyi Sturtev.
    • Lolium perenne subsp. perenne L.
    • Lolium perenne subsp. ramosum Arcang., 1882
    • Lolium perenne subsp. ramosum Schumach.
    • Lolium perenne subsp. stoloniferum (C.Lawson) Wipff
    • Lolium perenne subsp. tenue (L.) Huds.
    • Lolium perenne subsp. tenue (L.) K.Richt., 1890
    • Lolium perenne subsp. tenue Dumort.
    • Lolium perenne subsp. trabutii (Hochr.) Dobignard
    • Lolium perenne var. angustifolium Parn., 1842
    • Lolium perenne var. aristatum Coss. & Germ., 1861
    • Lolium perenne var. aristulatum Schur
    • Lolium perenne var. auriculatum Hack., 1877
    • Lolium perenne var. brasilianum (Nees) Kuntze
    • Lolium perenne var. commune Alef.
    • Lolium perenne var. compositum Gray, 1821
    • Lolium perenne var. compositum Schrad.
    • Lolium perenne var. compressum Sibth.
    • Lolium perenne var. condensatum Schur, 1866
    • Lolium perenne var. confertum Spenn., 1825
    • Lolium perenne var. cristatum Pers.
    • Lolium perenne var. festuciforme Wimm. & Grab.
    • Lolium perenne var. furcatum Billot
    • Lolium perenne var. furcatum Billot ex Godr., 1856
    • Lolium perenne var. geniculatum Hallier, 1863
    • Lolium perenne var. humile Gaudin
    • Lolium perenne var. longiglume Grantzow
    • Lolium perenne var. marschallii (Steven) Trautv.
    • Lolium perenne var. monstrosum G.Sinclair
    • Lolium perenne var. orgiale Döll
    • Lolium perenne var. pacyanum Plues, 1867
    • Lolium perenne var. pacyi Sturtev.
    • Lolium perenne var. paleaceum Döll
    • Lolium perenne var. paniculatum G.Sinclair
    • Lolium perenne var. paniculatum Gray
    • Lolium perenne var. pauciflorum Asch. & Graebn.
    • Lolium perenne var. perenne L.
    • Lolium perenne var. polyanthum Beck
    • Lolium perenne var. purpurascens Gray
    • Lolium perenne var. ramosum G.Sinclair
    • Lolium perenne var. ramosum Schumach.
    • Lolium perenne var. ramosum Sm., 1800
    • Lolium perenne var. russellianum Sinclair, 1824
    • Lolium perenne var. scabriculme Maire
    • Lolium perenne var. secundum Tinant, 1836
    • Lolium perenne var. sphaerostachuym Mast., 1863
    • Lolium perenne var. spicatum Schumach., 1801
    • Lolium perenne var. spurium Kirschl., 1857
    • Lolium perenne var. stickneiensis G.Sinclair
    • Lolium perenne var. stoloniferum C.Lawson
    • Lolium perenne var. tenue (L.) Huds.
    • Lolium perenne var. viviparum Gray
    • Lolium perenne var. viviparum Schrad.
    • Lolium perenne var. vulgare Schrad
    • Lolium perenne var. whitworthiense G.Sinclair
    • Lolium perenne var. withworthiensis Sinclair, 1824
    • Lolium pratense Dubois
    • Lolium pratense Dubois ex Delarbre, 1800
    • Lolium pseudoitalicum Schur
    • Lolium repens Honck.
    • Lolium rigidum subsp. compressum (Boiss.) Boiss.
    • Lolium rigidum var. compressum (Boiss.) Boiss.
    • Lolium rosetlanum Fig. & Delile
    • Lolium rosetlanum Fig. & Delile ex Rouville
    • Lolium stoloniferum C.Lawson, 1836
    • Lolium strictum subsp. compressum Boiss.
    • Lolium strictum var. compressum Boiss.
    • Lolium tenue L.
    • Lolium trabutii Hochr.
    • Lolium vulgare Host
    Categories
    • Beverages (70)
    • Dairy (28)
    • Equipment (5)
    • Essential OIls (189)
    • Facts (2,161)
    • Foods (228)
    • Fruits (409)
    • Grains and Cereals (30)
    • Health & Beauty (467)
    • Herbs and Spices (1,083)
    • Medicines (7)
    • Nutritional value (27)
    • Nuts and seeds (57)
    • Oils (80)
    • Pets (1)
    • Poultry & Seafoods (67)
    • Pulses and Beans (16)
    • Reviews (21)
    • supplement (2)
    • Vegetables (209)

    Health benefits of Azores Laurel

    Health benefits of Wild Kumquat

    Health benefits of Little Medick

    Health benefits of Roundleaf alumroot

    Health benefits of Wild Caper Bush

    Health benefits of Wood nettle

    ABOUT
    1 Home
    About us
    Contact us

    Policy
    Privacy Policy
    Terms & conditions
    Disclaimer
    Contact us at:
    e-mail: [email protected]
    Skype: healthbenefit55
    © 2023 www.healthbenefitstimes.com All rights reserved.

    Type above and press Enter to search. Press Esc to cancel.