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    Wild Honeytree facts

    By SylviaAugust 16, 2018Updated:August 16, 2018No Comments4 Mins Read
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    Wild Honeytree facts

    Wild Honeytree scientifically known as Casearia decandra is actually a small, bushy, evergreen tree from the Flacourtiaceae (Flacourtia family). The plant is native to tropical regions from the West Indies and Honduras in Central America south to Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina. Few of the common names of the plant are biscuit wood, Guaçatumba, pipe wood, Bois jaune, Caracolillo, Coco-ravet, Corcho blanco, Cotorrerillo, Guia mansa, Jaune d’oeuf, Jumbieapple, Palo Blanco, Wild Cherry, white cork, gentle guide and white stick. The edible fruit is gathered from the wild and consumed locally, but is not widely appreciated. The tree is also sometimes cultivated for its edible fruit.

    Plant description

    Wild Honeytree is a small, bushy, evergreen tree that grows about 4–6 m (13–20 ft.) tall with an open, elongate crown. The plant is found growing in various types of forest, including coastal, dry land forest and Araucaria forest. It is also found in open, disturbed areas such as pastures and road margins. The plant adapts to any type of soil, but it grows better on red, moist and organic-rich soils. The trunk is unique and measures 8 to 40 cm diameter, gray in color, with an elongated and dense crown of at most 3 meters of diameter. The branches are slightly covered with hairs (puberulent) at the apex and glabrescent (without hairs) at the base, which turns brown and has lenticels (a protrusion of cells that effect gas exchange) sparse.

    Leaves

    Leaves have subtle stipules, 3-5 mm long, glabrous or nearly, deciduous, petiole 3-6 mm long, glabrous. It is elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 3-10 x 1.5-5 cm, apiculate to acuminate at the apex, acute to obtuse and occasionally slightly asymmetric at the base, with translucent streaks and points spaced across the surface, membranous to chartaceous, of margin serrulado, light green and glabra in both surfaces except for domacios in the armpits of the nerves in the envés, the rib promínula in the envés.

    Inflorescence and flowers

    Flowers in axillary fascicles, usually sprouting on defoliated twigs. Pedicel is 3-5 mm long, articulated near the base, puberulum. Sepals are 5, oblong-lanceolate, concrescent at the base, 2.5-3 x 1-1.5 mm, acute at the apex, reflexes, and white to cream, puberulous on both sides. Petals are absent. Stamens are 10, 2-3.5 mm long, white to cream; staminodes 10, shorter than the stamens and alternating with these, villous, white. Ovary is ovoid, greenish or whitish, hairy, indivisible style, ± 1.5 mm long, whitish, stigma capitated and yellowish.

    Fruits and Seeds

    Fruits are globose capsule, 6-10 mm in diameter, usually with the persistent style, dehiscent by 3 leaflets, green turning white to cream when ripe, glabrescent. Seeds are 2-4, ± ovoid, 5-7 mm long, cream-colored, smooth, wrapped in an orange mass.

    Wild Honeytree Image Gallery
    Bark-of-Wild-Honeytree Bark-of-Wild-Honeytree
    Closer-view-of-flower-buds Closer-view-of-flower-buds
    Closer-view-of-leaf Closer-view-of-leaf

    Dorsal-view-of-leaves Dorsal-view-of-leaves
    Flowers-of-Wild-Honeytree Flowers-of-Wild-Honeytree
    Fruiting-branch-of-Wild-Honeytree

    Plant-Illustration-of-Wild-Honeytree Plant-Illustration-of-Wild-Honeytree
    Ripe-Wild-Honeytree-fruit Ripe-Wild-Honeytree-fruit
    Unripe-Wild-Honeytree-fruit Unripe-Wild-Honeytree-fruit

    Ventral-view-of-leaves Ventral-view-of-leaves
    Wild-Honeytree-plant Wild-Honeytree-plant
    Wild-Honeytree-Sketch Wild-Honeytree-Sketch

    History

    The plant is native to tropical regions from the West Indies and Honduras in Central America south to Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina. Occasionally it is cultivated but generally rare outside its natural range. The tree requires a tropical or warm subtropical climate without frosts.

    Culinary Uses

    • Ripe, sweet fruits are usually eaten out of hand.
    • The fruit is rarely seen in markets but mainly picked offthe tree and consumed fresh.

    Other facts

    • The light brown wood is moderately heavy, hard, straight-grained and with a fine texture.
    • It is not very durable, especially when exposed to the weather.
    • It is used for making light utensils, toys and boxes.
    • Wood is used for fuel and to make charcoal.
    • Plant provides nectar for many different insect species, including honey bees and butterflies.
    • Hard wood is occasionally used for fence posts.
    • Plant begins to bear fruit with 4-5 years after planting.

    References:

    https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=501312#null

    https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=cade11

    http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/tro-13200436

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    Wild Honeytree facts

    Wild Honeytree Quick Facts
    Name: Wild Honeytree
    Scientific Name: Casearia decandra
    Origin Tropical regions from the West Indies and Honduras in Central America south to Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina
    Colors Green turning white to cream when ripe
    Shapes Spherical capsules measuring 0.7–1 cm (0.3–0.4 in) in diameter
    Flesh colors Orange red pulp
    Taste Sweet
    Name Wild Honeytree
    Scientific Name Casearia decandra
    Native Tropical regions from the West Indies and Honduras in Central America south to Bolivia, Paraguay, and northern Argentina
    Common Names Wild honeytree, biscuitwood, Guaçatumba, pipewood, Bois jaune, Caracolillo, Coco-ravet, Corcho blanco, Cotorrerillo, Guia mansa, Jaune d’oeuf, Jumbieapple, Palo Blanco, Pipewood, Wild Cherry, white cork, gentle guide, white stick
    Name in Other Languages English: Wild honeytree, biscuitwood, Guaçatumba, pipewood, Bois jaune, Caracolillo, Coco-ravet, Corcho blanco, Cotorrerillo, Guia mansa, Jaune d’oeuf, Jumbieapple, Palo Blanco, Pipewood, Wild Cherry, white cork, gentle guide, white stick
    French: bois jaune, caca ravet, caséaria á petites, feuilles, jaune d’oeut
    Grenadian English Creole: Coco-ravet, Jumbie apple
    Portuguese:  Cambroé, guassatunga, guaçatonga-branca, pau-de-la, Assa-leitão, Assa-peixe, Brogotó, Cabelo de cotia, Caferana, limão, andorinha, Cafezeiro-do-mato, cambroé, guaçatunga, Carrapatinho, Chá-de-bugre, guassatonga, café-do-mato,guaçatonga, Espeto, espeto-vermelho, guaçatonga, Pau-de-espeto, vidro, anavinga, Pau-vidro, cocão-branco, pau-vidro-branco
    Spanish: Cerezo, cotorrelillo, fortuga capsi, gia mausa, limon capsi, machacomo, Tapaculo, tostado    
    Plant Growth Habit Small, bushy, evergreen tree
    Growing Climates Various types of forest, including coastal, dry land forest and Araucaria forest. Also found in open, disturbed areas such as pastures and road margins
    Soil Adapts to any type of soil, but it grows better on red, moist and organic-rich soils
    Plant Size 4–6 m (13–20 ft) tall
    Bark Smooth, greyish or light brown bark
    Trunk Unique and measures 8 to 40 cm diameter, gray in color, with an elongated and dense crown of at most 3 meters of diameter
    Branch Puberulent (slightly covered with hairs) at the apex and glabrescent (without hairs) at the base, which turns brown and has lenticels (a protrusion of cells that effect gas exchange) sparse
    Leaf Alternate, simple, elliptic leaves 4–8 cm (1.5–3 in) long with fi­nely toothed margins and slightly pubescent blades
    Flowering Periods August / September
    Flower Small white or cream-colored hermaphroditic flowers are borne in almost sessile clusters in the axils of leaves
    Fruit Shape & Size Spherical capsules measuring 0.7–1 cm (0.3–0.4 in) in diameter
    Fruit Color Green turning white to cream when ripe
    Flesh Soft orange red pulp
    Seed Small (3-4 mm) of cream color
    Taste Sweet
    Plant Parts Used Bark, leaves
    Season October / December

    Wild Honeytree Scientific Classification

    Scientific Name: Casearia decandra

    Rank Scientific Name & (Common Name)
    Kingdom Plantae (Plants)
    Subkingdom Tracheobionta (Vascular plants)
    Infrakingdom Streptophyta  (land plants)
    Superdivision Spermatophyta (Seed plants)
    Division Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants)
    Subdivision Spermatophytina  (spermatophytes, seed plants, phanérogames)
    Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons)
    Subclass Dilleniidae
    Superorder Rosanae
    Order Violales
    Family Flacourtiaceae (Flacourtia family)
    Genus Casearia Jacq. (casearia)
    Species Casearia decandra Jacq. (wild honeytree)
    Synonyms
    • Anavinga parvifolia Lam.
    • Casearia adamantium Cambess.
    • Casearia adstringens Mart.
    • Casearia adstringens Mart. ex Eichler
    • Casearia albicaulis Rusby
    • Casearia floribunda Briq.
    • Casearia parviflora Jacq.
    • Casearia parvifolia Willdenow
    • Casearia parvifolia var. microcarpa Eggers
    • Casearia parvifolia var. paraguariensis Briq.
    • Casearia pavoniana Sleum.
    • Casearia reflexa Sleum.
    • Chaetocrater reflexum Ruiz & Pav.
    • Chaetocrater reflexus Ruiz & Pav. ex Sleum.
    • Guidonia adstringens Baill.
    • Guidonia parvifolia (Will.) M.Goméz
    • Guidonia parvifolia (Willd.) Gomez de la Maza
    • Samyda decandra Jacq.
    • Samyda lancifolia Sessé & Moc.
    • Samyda parvifolia Poir.
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