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    Home»Herbs and Spices»Carao facts and benefits
    Herbs and Spices

    Carao facts and benefits

    By SylviaAugust 21, 2018Updated:August 21, 2018No Comments6 Mins Read
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    Carao facts and benefits

    Cassia grandis, commonly known as Corel shower tree, pink shower tree or horse cassia is actually a medium sized semi deciduous canopy tree in the Fabaceae ⁄ Leguminosae (Pea family). The plants native range spans from Mexico to Brazil, with documented presence also on the western edge of South America, as well as some islands of the Caribbean including Cuba, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico. It is thought to have originated in the Amazon basin. In its native range, pink shower commonly occurs in drier forest types, along river banks, and in areas that are prone to periodic flooding. Few of the common names of the plant are Appleblossom cassia, Coral shower, Horse cassia, Pink shower, Pink shower tree, Stinking toe, Brazilian Cassia, Liquorice Tree, Pink Coral Shower, capote, Cassie Grandis, Monkey molasses, Sandal, stinking toa, Canafistula, Carao, Kalaa-phruek, Kotek mamak, Ngu-padamya, Nguzat-gyi, O moi, Pink shower, Sandal and Trembalo-wang-wang.

    Cassia comes from the ancient Hebrew word “quetsi’oth” and was first used by Dioscorides, a physician in Ancient Greece (40–90 AD). Linnaeus, also known as the father of taxonomy, was the first to use Cassia to signify members of this genus. The species name grandis is the Latin word for “large, powerful, showy, or big” and is in reference to the height of this tree, as pink shower is one of the tallest Cassia species. The name “pink shower” comes from the bright pink blossoms that this tree produces. It is sometimes called “stinking tree” because the pulp in its pods has a very strong smell. The plant is gathered from the wild, mainly for local medicinal use. When in flower, this is one of the most handsome trees of Central America, especially along the Pacific lowlands, reminding one of apple trees, by both the form of the tree and the coloring of the blossoms. It is often cultivated as an ornamental, being valued especially for its floral display.

    Plant description

    Carao is a medium sized deciduous or semi-deciduous tree that grows about 15-25 (30) m tall with a straight more-or-less cylindrical trunk up to 60 cm in diameter. This tree is now grown primarily grown as an ornamental in open, brushy or forested hillsides or on thinly forested plains, often about dwellings or along roadsides and in pastures. The profuse, wide-spaced, dangling branching leads to a dense, umbrella-shaped canopy, and young branches and inflorescence are covered with rusty lanate indumentum. The bark is smooth, pale grey.

    Leaves

    Leaves are pinnately compound, 6–15 inches in length, and alternately arranged. Leaflets occur in pairs of 10–18 opposite one another. Each narrow leaflet is 1–2¼ inches long and has an elliptical shape. The topsides of leaflets are green and the undersides are reddish.

    Flower

    The tree is particularly noted for producing a show-stopping bloom of coral pink flowers arranged in 4-10 inch long drooping racemes (20-40 flowers per raceme) in early spring. Each flower is 3 cm, has five large, pinkish-lavender sepals and an equal number of rounded and peach-colored petals not uniform in shape. The flowers are initially red, fading to pink and later orange, with the median petal red with a yellow patch. There are three large stamens flanked by various smaller staminal appendages and a long, curved pistil. Bloom time extends from February-April, but in some climates begins later in spring extending into summer.

    Fruit

    Flowers are followed by long, wood-like fruit capsules reach lengths of up to 50 cm (20 in) and have many seeds that are covered in a thick, dark-colored pulp or honey-like substance that has been described as having an odor that ranges from being sweet to unpleasant. Each pod has 70-80 seeds. Pods appear green but mature to black, remaining on the tree until the following year. Sticky brown pulp inside the pods has been used in herbal medicines. The pods contain a pungent, sticky liquid that creates a foul smell when the pods fall to the ground and eventually break open.

    Carao Image Gallery
    Bark-of-Carao Bark-of-Carao
    Carao-Extract Carao-Extract
    Carao-Fruit-on-the-tree Carao-Fruit-on-the-tree

    Carao-fruit-showing-flesh-and-seeds Carao-fruit-showing-flesh-and-seeds
    Carao-juice Carao-juice
    Carao-plant Carao-plant

    Carao-plant-during-flowering-season Carao-plant-during-flowering-season
    Flower-of-Carao-plant Flower-of-Carao-plant
    Leaves-of-Carao Leaves-of-Carao

    Plant-Illustartion-of-Carao Plant-Illustartion-of-Carao
    Seed-of-Carao-fruit Seed-of-Carao-fruit
    Trunk-of-Carao-plant Trunk-of-Carao-plant

    Traditional Uses and benefits of Carao

    • Bitter fruit pulp is used as a laxative and purgative similar to C. fistula and reported to be more powerful.
    • Drunk with milk, it is said to fight anaemia and add iron to the blood.
    • Ripe pods and seeds are also used as a laxative.
    • Decoction of the leaves is used as a laxative and in the treatment of lumbago.
    • Fresh juice of the leaves is used externally in the treatment of ringworm.
    • An ointment made from lard and the crushed leaves is employed commonly in treating cutaneous diseases, especially mange and other skin affections in dogs.
    • It is also often reported to improve appetite and promote weight gain in underweight children.
    • Decoction of the roots may be used to purify wounds and ulcers.
    • Bark of the trunk is reported to be used in Java and India to treat skin problems.
    • Leaves are applied on fungal skin infections in Philippines.
    • Roots are used to treat fever in India.

    Culinary Uses

    • The pulp, which has an interesting flavor reminiscent of carob (Ceratonia siliqua) or of a mix of chocolate and cherries, is used in Latin America to make fruit drinks.
    • The pulp is boiled with water or milk and then chilled and sweetened with sugar. It is often served to young children.

    Other facts

    • Seeds are a potential commercial source of gums.
    • Seed gum can be used as a binder for the pharmaceutical industry.
    • Ashes of the wood are used in soap-making.
    • Wood is brownish yellow, rather hard and heavy, coarse-textured and not durable.
    • Strong, multipurpose wood, it is used for building construction – mainly for internal finish, agricultural implements etc.
    • It is also used for fence posts.
    • Wood is used for fuel.
    • Fast-growing tree it can be used as a pioneer species when re-establishing woodland.
    • Cattle relish the fruit pods of the tree.

    References:

    https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=501316#null

    https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=9340

    https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Cassia+grandis

    https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/11439

    http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=280436&isprofile=0&

    https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CAGR11

    http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/ild-1032

    https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/FR/FR36200.pdf

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassia_grandis

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    Carao facts

    Carao Quick Facts
    Name: Carao
    Scientific Name: Cassia grandis
    Origin Mexico to Brazil
    Colors Green but mature to black
    Shapes Indehiscent, cylindrical pod is up to 90 cm long and 2-6 cm wide with transverse striations
    Health benefits Beneficial for anemia, lumbago, ringworm, improve appetite and promote weight gain and treat skin problems
    Name Carao
    Scientific Name Cassia grandis
    Native Mexico to Brazil
    Common Names Appleblossom cassia, Coral shower, Horse cassia, Pink shower, Pink shower tree, Stinking toe, Brazilian Cassia, Liquorice Tree, Pink Coral Shower, capote, Cassie Grandis, Monkey molasses, Sandal, stinking toa, Canafistula, Carao, Kalaa-phruek, Kotek mamak, Ngu-padamya, Nguzat-gyi, O moi, Pink shower, Sandal, Trembalo-wang-wang
    Name in Other Languages Belize: Beef wood, bookoot, bookut, stinking toe
    Brazil: Acácia, acácia-nacional, canafístula, canafístula-grande, cassia, cássia rosa, cássia-grande, cássia-rosa, cássia-rósea, gecuna, jeneúna, jeneúna, mali-mari, mare-mari,  mariimari-preto, marimari, marimari,  marimariana, marimari-grande, marimarirana, marimari-sarro, mariseiro, marizeiro, sarro, seruáia
    Cambodia: Kreete, sac phle
    Cuba: Canafistola cimarrona, canandonga, canandonga comun, canandonga de masa, cassia de Brasil
    Dominican Republic: Canafistola, canafistula, chacara, chacaro, guayaba cimarrona
    English: Appleblossom cassia, Coral shower, Horse cassia, Pink shower, Pink shower tree, Stinking toe, Brazilian Cassia, Liquorice Tree, Pink Coral Shower, capote, Cassie Grandis, Monkey molasses, Sandal, stinking toa
    Finnish: Isokassia
    French: Bâton casse, Casse du Brésil, kas
    German: Grossfrüchtige Kassie, Rosa Kassie
    Haiti: Casse, casse espagnole
    Italian: Cassia a grandi fruti
    Japanese:  Momo iro nanban saikachi
    Laos: Brai xiem, may khoum
    Malaysia: Kotek, kotek mamak
    Panama: Cana fistula
    Portuguese:  Cássia-grande,  Geneúna, Jeneúna, canafístula,
    Spanish: Arbol de fuego , Caña fístula cimarrona, Cañandonga, Sándalo, Carao, caña de fistula, Cañaefístula, pecueca, Sandal, saragundin, capote, caramano
    Swedish: Rosenkassia
    Thai:   Kanla phruek
    Vietnamese:  Muồng ô môi
    Plant Growth Habit Medium sized deciduous or semi-deciduous tree
    Growing Climates Open, brushy or forested hillsides or on thinly forested plains, often about dwellings or along roadsides and in pastures
    Plant Size 15-25 (30) m tall
    Bark Smooth, pale grey
    Trunk Straight more-or-less cylindrical trunk up to 60 cm in diameter
    Leaf Compound leaves are 30 cm x 10 cm, paripinnated and alternate with 8-20 pairs of leaflets. The leaflets are ca. 6 x 1.5 cm, narrow and elliptical, downy beneath, green above and are pink when young
    Flower 3 cm, has five large, pinkish-lavender sepals and an equal number of rounded and peach-colored petals not uniform in shape. The flowers are initially red, fading to pink and later orange, with the median petal red with a yellow patch.
    Fruit Shape & Size Indehiscent, cylindrical pod is up to 90 cm long and 2-6 cm wide with transverse striations
    Fruit Color Green but mature to black
    Seed Inside each septum, one round, flattened, tan-coloured (1.5 cm) seed
    Propagation By seed and vegetatively through cuttings and layering
    Plant Parts Used Whole plant
    Available Form Extract, powder or syrup
    Culinary Uses
    • The pulp surrounding the seeds in the pods is edible.

    Carao Scientific Classification

    Scientific Name: Cassia grandis

    Rank Scientific Name & (Common Name)
    Kingdom Plantae (Plants)
    Subkingdom Tracheobionta (Vascular plants)
    Infrakingdom Streptophyta  (land plants)
    Superdivision Spermatophyta (Seed plants)
    Division Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants)
    Subdivision Spermatophytina  (spermatophytes, seed plants, phanérogames)
    Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons)
    Subclass Rosidae
    Superorder Rosanae
    Order Fabales
    Family Fabaceae ⁄ Leguminosae (Pea family)
    Genus Cassia L. (cassia)
    Species Cassia grandis L. f. (pink shower)
    Synonyms
    • Bactyrilobium grande Hornem.
    • Bactyrilobium molle Schrad.
    • Cassia brasiliana Lam.
    • Cassia brasiliana var. tomentosa Miq.
    • Cassia brasiliensis Buc’hoz
    • Cassia mollis Vahl
    • Cassia pachycarpa de Wit
    • Cathartocarpus brasilianus Jacq.
    • Cathartocarpus erubescens Ham.
    • Cathartocarpus grandis Pers
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