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    Home»Herbs and Spices»Traditional uses and benefits of Sangri
    Herbs and Spices

    Traditional uses and benefits of Sangri

    By SylviaApril 12, 2021Updated:April 12, 2021No Comments11 Mins Read
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    Prosopis cineraria, popularly known as Ghaf or Sangri, are a species of flowering tree in the pea family, Fabaceae ⁄ Leguminosae. The plant is native to dry portions of Western Asia and the Indian Subcontinent, including Afghanistan, Bahrain, Iran, India, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen. It can be found in desert places where it can survive. It is an established introduced species in parts of Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. Apart from Sangri it is also known as Banni, Chaunkra, Hamra, Jambi, Jambu, Jammi chettu, Jand, Jhand, Jot, Kandi, Khaka, Khanjra, Khar, Khejdi, Khejra, Khejri, Khijado, Parampu, Perumbai, Perumbay, Sami, Sangri, Saundar, Saunder, Semru, Shami, Shami, Sheh, Shemri, Shum, Summi, Tambu and Ghaf.

    It is the national tree of the United Arab Emirates and is also the state tree of Rajasthan, Western Uttar Pradesh and Telangana in India. It is supposed that the local name khejri has been derived from the name of a village Khejrali in Jodhpur district of Rajasthan. It is one of the chief indigenous trees of the Indian north western plains and gently undulating ravine lands. The tree is known by different names across the western and northern regions of India, e.g. Shami in Maharastra & Uttar Pradesh, Jammi in Telangana, Khijro in Gujarat, Khejri in Rajasthan, Janti in Haryana, and Jand in Punjab. The tree has a wide range of uses, being collected from the wild for food, medicine and various commodities. It is also cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions of the tropics and subtropics as an agro-forestry tree and for soil stabilization. It has been verified in large scale trials in Yemen as a drought resistant tree that can be used as a windbreak against sandstorms.

    Sangri Facts

    Sangri Quick Facts
    Name: Sangri
    Scientific Name: Prosopis cineraria
    Origin Western Asia and the Indian Subcontinent
    Colors Light green-yellow
    Shapes Elongate, sub-cylindrical pod that are 8-19 cm long and 4-7 mm in diameter
    Taste Bitter, Astringent, sweet
    Health benefits Asthma, bronchitis, dysentery, leucoderma, leprosy, rheumatism, muscle tremors, piles and osteo arthritis
    Name Sangri
    Scientific Name Prosopis cineraria
    Native Arid portions of Western Asia and the Indian Subcontinent, including Afghanistan, Bahrain, Iran, India, Oman, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Yemen
    Common Names Banni, Chaunkra, Hamra, Jambi, Jambu, Jammi chettu, Jand, Jhand, Jot, Kandi, Khaka, Khanjra, Khar, Khejdi, Khejra, Khejri, Khijado, Parampu, Perumbai, Perumbay, Sami, Sangri, Saundar, Saunder, Semru, Shami, Shami, Sheh, Shemri, Shum, Summi, Tambu, Ghaf
    Name in Other Languages Arabic: Ghaf,  ghaf rmady  (غاف رمادي)
    Assamese: Shomi, Somidh
    Bengali: Shami
    Burmese: Gandasein
    English: Jand, Jandi, mesquite, khejri tree, screw-bean, Indian Mesquite, shamee, sponge tree
    German: Ährenschelfe
    Gujarati: Khījaḍō (ખીજડો), Samadi, Khijadi
    Hindi: Jand (जंड), Khejri (खेजड़ी) Khejri, Chaunkra, Jand, Khar, Khejra, janum-chettu, khejri, banni, chanee, chani, chaunkra, chheonkar, haura, jambi, jambu, jammi, jand, jhand, jimbi, kabanni, karma, kandi, kando, khar, khejra, khejri, khigdo, kundi, parambai, parambe, perambi, perumbe, perumbu, samada, sami, sangri, saundal, saunder, sayandal, semru, shami, shema, shemi, sumri, vannee, vanni, vuckai
    Kannada: Banni (ಬನ್ನಿ), Perumbai, Banni mara, Banni ele, Shamee patre, Perumbe, Perunje, Vunne, vanni Kashanti
    Konkani: Shami, shemi, xembi
    Malayalam: Vanni (വന്നി), Parampu, Marampu, Thawi Vanni,
    Marvadi: Khejdo, jaaj, jaati
    Marathi: Shemi (शमी), Saunder, savandad, shamee, shambaree
    Oriya: Shami ଶମୀ
    Pakistan: Jand, kandi, khejri
    Persian: پرسپیس سینراریا
    Punjabi: Jaḍa (ਜੰਡ), Jund, Bishnois, Janti
    Rajastani: Khejri, Rhejri, Loong
    Sindh: Kandi
    Tamil: Vanni (வன்னி), parambai, Jambu, kalisam, kulisam, parambai, perabe, perumbe, Sami, seemaimullu, sivaa, thamali
    Telugu: Jammi chettu (జమ్మి చెట్టు), Jammi, Jambi, priyadarshini, shamichetta
    Plant Growth Habit Small thorny, deep-rooted, irregularly branched, multipurpose perennial, evergreen tree
    Growing Climates Secondary dry deciduous forest, desert thorn forest, ravine thorn forest, Zizyphus scrub, and desert dune scrub
    Plant Size 3–5 m (9.8–16.4 ft.) tall. The crooked bole is up to 30cm in diameter
    Root Deep taproot going down to 3 m or even deeper (down to 20 m)
    Bark Thick, rough, deeply fissured and cinereous (ash-grey in color)
    Leaf Leaves are alternate, bipinnately compound with 1-3 pairs of pinnae. Each pinna has 7-14 pairs of leaflets. The leaflets are glabrous or puberulous. Leaf blade is ovate, without nerves, mucronate, 4-15 mm long and 2-4.5 mm broad
    Flowering season Mid April to mid-May
    Flower Small and creamy yellow flowers are borne on 5-23 cm spike-like racemes. Calyx is truncate and 0.8-1.2 mm long. Corolla is 3.5 mm long, glabrous, petals are rolled back in age
    Fruit Shape & Size Elongate, sub-cylindrical pod that are 8-19 cm long and 4-7 mm in diameter. The pods contain 10-25 seeds
    Fruit Color Light green-yellow
    Seed Distant, longitudinal, oval-shaped and dull brown-colored and 0.3 to 0.8 cm long
    Propagation By root suckers or by seeds
    Taste Bitter, Astringent, sweet
    Plant Parts Used Leaves, flowers, bark, fruit
    Lifespan 200 years or more

    Plant Description

    Sangri is a small thorny, deep-rooted, irregularly branched, multipurpose perennial, evergreen tree that normally grows about 3–5 m (9.8–16.4 ft.) tall.  It has an open crown that becomes rounded under lopping. The crooked bole is 2 m high, straight, up to 30 cm in diameter. The bark is thick, rough, deeply fissured and cinereous (ash-grey in color), hence the name of the species. The tree has several inter-nodal thorns, like rose-trees. It has a deep taproot going down to 3 m or even deeper (down to 20 m). The plant is found growing in secondary dry deciduous forest, desert thorn forest, ravine thorn forest, Zizyphus scrub, and desert dune scrub. A large and well-known example of the species is the Tree of Life in Bahrain – approximately 400 years old and growing in a desert devoid of any obvious sources of water.

    Leaves

    Leaves are alternate, bipinnately compound with 1-3 pairs of pinnae. Each pinna has 7-14 pairs of leaflets. The leaflets are glabrous or puberulous. Leaf blade is ovate, without nerves, mucronate, 4-15 mm long and 2-4.5 mm broad. The leaflets are green in color, becoming grey when dry. The thorns are straight with a conical base and distributed sparsely along the length of the stem. They first become visible when the seedlings are 6-8 weeks old. In this respect, P. cineraria differ from the thorny New World species of Prosopis which have thorns in pairs at the nodes but thorn less internodes.

    Flowers

    The 0.6 cm, small and creamy yellow flowers are borne on 5-23 cm spike-like racemes. Calyx is truncate and 0.8-1.2 mm long. Corolla is 3.5 mm long, glabrous, petals are rolled back in age; anthers 0.8-1 mm long; pistil glabrous. Flowering normally takes place in between mid-April to mid-May.

    Fruits

    Fertile flowers are followed by elongate, sub-cylindrical pod that are 8-19 cm long and 4-7 mm in diameter. The pods contain 10-25 seeds that are distant, longitudinal, oval-shaped and dull brown-colored and 0.3 to 0.8 cm long. Pods are light green-yellow in color. Endocarp segments are thin, longitudinal, little developed.

    The tree is not to be confused with the similar looking Chinese lantern tree, Dichrostachys cinerea, which can be told apart by its flowers. While the Chinese lantern tree has bicolored pink-yellow flowers, the true Shami tree only has yellow-colored bristled flowers like most other mesquites. Historically Sangri tree has played a significant role in the rural economy in the northwest arid region of Indian sub-continent. This tree is a legume and it improves soil fertility. It is an important constituent of the vegetation system. It is well adapted to the arid conditions and stands well to the adverse vagaries of climate and browsing by animals. Camels and goats readily browse it. In areas open to goat browsing, the young plants assume cauliflower shaped bushy appearance.

    Dried-Sangri-beans Dried-Sangri-beans
    Flowers-of-Sangri Flowers-of-Sangri
    Bunch-of-Sangri-beans Bunch-of-Sangri-beans
    Leaves-of-Sangri Leaves-of-Sangri
    Plant-Illustration-of-Sangri Plant-Illustration-of-Sangri
    Bark-of-Sangri Bark-of-Sangri
    Sangri-beans Sangri-beans
    Sangri-Tree Sangri-Tree
    Sangri-beans-on-the-plant Sangri-beans-on-the-plant
    Seeds-of-Sangri Seeds-of-Sangri
    Sangri-Recipes Sangri-Recipes
    Sketch-of-Sangri Sketch-of-Sangri
    Sangri Image Gallery

    Medicinal Uses of Sangri

    Plant Parts Medicinal Effects
    Flowers
    • Flowers are known as an anti-diabetic agent.
    • Flowers can be mixed with sugar when administered orally prevent miscarriage.
    Leaves
    • Leaf paste of P. cineraria is applied on boils and blisters, including mouth ulcers in livestock and leaf infusion on open sores on the skin
    • Smoke of the leaves is considered good for eye troubles and infections.
    Pods
    • Dry pods help in preventing protein calorie malnutrition and iron calcium deficiency in blood.
    Barks
    •  Bark used in the treatment of asthma, bronchitis, dysentery, leucoderma, leprosy, muscle tremors and piles.
    • Different extracts of stem bark possessed aweak antibacterial activity.

     

    Traditional medicinal uses of various parts of Sangri

    Plant Parts Disease Preparation/Use
    Leaves

     

    • Dyspepsia

     

    Leaves juice along with lemon juice
    Pods

     

    • Earache
    • Toothache
    Juice extricate from pods is used to cure earache and toothache
    Leaves

     

    • Boils/ Blisters
    Crush the leaves to prepare paste and apply on the affected area
    Leaves

     

    • Sore skin
    Infusion of leaves apply on affected sore skin
    Bark

     

    • Rheumatism/
    • Scorpion stings/
    • Snake bite
    Crush the bark to prepare paste and apply on the affected area
    Bark

     

    • Remove hair

     

    The ashes of bark are rubbed over the skin to remove hair
    Flowers/Twigs

     

    • Diabetes

     

    Decoction of flowers are used to treat diabetes
    Flowers/Bark

     

    • Prevent miscarriage

     

    Consumption of flowers along with sugar are used to prevent miscarriage
    Dry Leaves

     

    • Eye inflammations

     

    Get the smoke of the dry leaves
    Pods

     

    • Health tonic
    • Immunity booster
    Curry, Pickle
    Leaves

     

    • Mouth ulcers

     

    Leaves paste apply on the affected area
    Bark

     

    • Cough
    • Cold Common

     

    Consume bark paste
    Flowers
    • Blood purifier
    Consumption of flowers along with sugar for purifying blood
    Flowers

     

    • Cooling effect

     

    Consumption of flowers along with sugar
    Bark/Leaves

     

    • Skin disease

     

    Apply aqueous extract of bark and leaves on the affected area
    Leaves/Seeds

     

    • Diarrhea

     

    Paste of seeds and leaves to treat diarrhea
    Bark

     

    • Asthma
    • Bronchitis
    Paste of bark to treat diarrhea

     

    Traditional uses and benefits of Sangri

    • The plant is stated to be astringent, demulcent, and pectoral.
    • It is a folk remedy for various ailments.
    • Flowers are mixed with sugar and used to prevent miscarriage.
    • Ash of the fruit is rubbed over the skin to remove hair.
    • It is used for treating asthma, bronchitis, dysentery, leucoderma, leprosy, rheumatism, muscle tremors, piles, and wandering of the mind.
    • Smoke from the leaves is recommended for eye troubles.
    • Pod is said to be astringent.
    • Although recommended for scorpion sting and snakebite, the plant has not proved to be effective.
    • Leaf paste is used to treat mouth ulcers and a leaf infusion is used to curing open sores on the skin.
    • Flowers are triturated and mixed with sugar candy and are given to a pregnant woman to avoid unexpected abortion.
    • Bark is used in the central province as a remedy for rheumatism.
    • In western India, bark is used in treating osteo arthritis.
    • It is used for the treatment of vertigo and as a brain tonic.
    • Paste of bark is applied to scorpion sting.
    • Bark is considered anthelmintic, refrigerant, and tonic, is used for asthma, bronchitis, dysentery, leucoderma, leprosy, muscle tremors, piles, and wandering of the mind.
    • Smoke from the leaves is suggested for eye troubles, but the fruit is said to be indigestible, inducing biliousness, and destroying nails and hair.

    Culinary Uses

    • Pods are used as vegetable in the dried and green form.
    • Tender pods are eaten green or dried after boiling locally called sangri and used in the preparation of curries and pickles.
    • Sweetish pulp surrounding the seeds can be eaten raw or cooked.
    • It can be dried for later use.
    • Sweetish bark was ground into flour and made into cakes.
    • Pods are eaten green, dried or after boiling.
    • During famine, bark is used as food.
    • The unripe pods are used for making curry and pickle.
    • The green pods are consumed as vegetables.
    • The flour of mature pods is used for cookies preparation and other local dishes.

    Other Facts

    • It is the national tree of the United Arab Emirates, where it is known as Ghaf.
    • It is also the state tree of Rajasthan, Western Uttar Pradesh and Telangana in India.
    • Prosopis cineraria, called Shami, is highly revered among Hindus and worshipped as part of Dasahra festival.
    • Trees are planted to stabilize and reforest sand dunes.
    • They can withstand periodic burial by the sand.
    • It increases fertility under its canopy.
    • The tree yields a pale to amber colored gum with properties similar to the gum acacias.
    • The bark and leaf galls are used for tanning.
    • Wood is used for making boat frames, houses, posts, and tool handles; the poor form of unimproved trees limits its use as timber.
    • In the Punjab, its rather scanty, purplish brown heartwood is preferred to other kinds for firewood.
    • It is an excellent fuel, also giving high-quality charcoal.
    • Tree is highly revered among Hindus and worshiped as part of Dusshera festival.
    • The wood is valuable to make poles and utensils.
    • It is good firewood, directly burnt or transformed into charcoal.
    • The flowers are valuable for honey production.
    • Bark can be used in leather tanning and yields an edible gum.
    • Leaves are good fodder for camels, goats and donkeys.
    • Leaves are much used as fodder.
    • Leaves are useful for green manuring.

    References:

    https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=506299#null

    https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=29749

    https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Prosopis+cineraria

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosopis_cineraria

    https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/44431

    http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Prosopis+cineraria

    https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=PRCI4

    https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/PRCSP

    https://www.feedipedia.org/node/261

    https://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Khejri%20Tree.html

    http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/ild-31185

    https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Prosopis_cineraria.html

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    Sangri Scientific Classification

    Scientific Name: Prosopis cineraria

    Rank Scientific Name & (Common Name)
    Kingdom Plantae (Plants)
    Subkingdom Tracheobionta (Vascular plants)
    Infrakingdom Streptophyta  (land plants)
    Superdivision Spermatophyta (Seed plants)
    Division Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants)
    Sub Division Spermatophytina  (spermatophytes, seed plants, phanérogames)
    Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons)
    Subclass Rosidae
    Super Order Rosanae
    Order Fabales
    Family Fabaceae ⁄ Leguminosae (Pea family)
    Genus Prosopis L. (mesquite)
    Species Prosopis cineraria (L.) Druce (jand)
    Synonyms
    • Acacia cineraria (L.) Willd.
    • Adenanthera aculeata (J.Koenig ex Roxb.) W.Hunter
    • Adenanthera aculeata Roxb.
    • Mimosa cineraria L.
    • Prosopis aculeata J.Koenig
    • Prosopis aculeata J.Koenig ex Roxb.
    • Prosopis spicata Burm.f.
    • Prosopis spicigera L.
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