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    Home»Herbs and Spices»Health benefits of Chamber Bitter
    Herbs and Spices

    Health benefits of Chamber Bitter

    By SylviaMay 18, 2018Updated:May 18, 2018No Comments8 Mins Read
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    Health benefits of Chamber Bitter

    Chamber Bitter Quick Facts
    Name: Chamber Bitter
    Scientific Name: Phyllanthus urinaria
    Origin Asia and has spread as a weed
    Colors Green, red or greenish-red
    Shapes Globular capsule about 0.12 in. (3 mm) in diameter
    Taste Bitter, sweet
    Health benefits Beneficial for acute and chronic Hepatitis B. Diabetes, dysentery, flu, tumors, headache, fever, Jaundice, Vaginitis, Conjuntivitis, bloating, Dysentery
    Chamber bitter scientifically known as Phyllanthus urinaria is a member of the Spurge family (Euphorbiaceae) and is native to Asia and has spread as a weed all the way through the tropics. It also occurs in tropical Africa and the Indian Ocean islands, but it is not common there. Other popular common names of the plant are gripe weed, little mimosa, Chanca piedra, shatter stone, meniran, stone breaker, quebra pedra, zhen chu cao, ye xia zhu, chamber bitter, kilanelli, leaf flower and komikansou. It is a warm-season broad leaf annual and typically appears around May or June when the soil temperatures have warmed to approximately 70 degree Fahrenheit.  The genus name Phyllanthus is derived from Greek words which mean leaf (“phyll”) and flower (“anthus”). The specific epithet urinaria normally refers to plant’s use in traditional medicine to treat urinary diseases. It is commonly known as Chamberbitter or Stonebreaker, due to its use as an herbal medication for urinary tract stones.

    Chamber bitter plant is casually similar to those of sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica), but in fact sensitive plant has compound leaves with elliptic leaflets. The plant normally spread by its seeds which are located on the bottom sides of the branch. Yet it is a widely distributed tropical weed. It is a weedy species in gardens, lawns and nurseries in tropical areas. It is considered as a pest of rice in Southeast Asia. Nowadays the plant is considered to be one of the best medicinal herbs particularly for the management and treatment of kidney stones.

    Plant Description

    Chamber bitter plant is an erect to prostrate, slender, glabrous annual or short-lived perennial herb that normally grows about 20-70 cm tall. The plant s found growing in dry fields, clearings, roadsides, waste places, gardens and along paths, but is also found in evergreen forest. The plants prefer moist, fertile soils, on cultivated fields, grasslands arable peat and also on roadsides as well as waste ground. It is a warm-season; annual, broadleaf weed that develops from warm soils throughout the early summer. The plant reproduces by means of seedlings which are found in the green, wart-looking fruit attached to the base of the branch. Chamber bitter usually grows upright and has a well-developed taproot. Stem is erect, more or less crimson red and usually exudes transparent latex when it is cut. Reddish branchlets are 5–13 cm long, flattened, often slightly winged and sparsely hairy.

    Leaves

     Leaves are arranged alternately along with erect, red stem. They are oblong or oblong-obovate, 7-18 mm long and 7.3 mm wide. It is rounded with a pointed apex and obliquely rounded at the base. The leaves are large at the top and small at petiole. Whenever touched, the leaves shrink automatically just as Mimosa Pudica (Touch-me-not).  Leaves are bright to dark green above and gray-green to reddish tinged below.

    Flower

    Flowers are quite small and yellowish white. They are 5-merous, axillary and about 1 mm in diameter. Male and female flowers are found on the same plant. Male flowers are ovate or ovate-oblong with greenish sepals, yellowish-white with a green middle strip, erect anther cells, the slits vertical. Female flowers with sessile or very short pedicels 0.15-0.30 mm long, ultimately 0.55-0.68 mm, thickened all over with reddish sepals in the middle, ovary warty. Fruits are found along the underside of the stems.

    Fruits

    Fruits are green, red or greenish-red globular capsule about 0.12 in. (3 mm) in diameter usually warty, hanging and 6-seeded. The fruits are divided into three parts and their surface has raised scales. Seeds are 1 mm long transversely ribbed on the back, and sides.

    Chemical constituents

    The chemical composition and pharmacology of Phyllanthus urinaria have been subject to many investigations. The following chemical constituents have been found: lignans (e.g. phyllanthin, phyltetralin, hypophyllanthin, urinatetralin, dextrobuschernin, 5-demethyoxynirathin and urinaligran), ellagitannins (e.g. corilagin, geraniin, hippomanin A, phyllanthusin F and G, repandinin B and phyllanthusiin U), terpenoids (e.g. β-amyrin, lupeol acetate and β-sitosterol), flavonoids (quercetin, astragalin, quercitrin, rhamnocitrin, isoquercitrin, kaempferol, daucosterol, triacontanol and rutin), phenolic compounds (e.g. caffeic acid, ellagic acid, gallic acid, methylester dehydrochebulic acid, methyl brevifolincarboxylate, hexacosanoic acid, brevifolin, brevifolin carboxylic acid, pyrogallol, n-octadecane, methylgallate, trimethyl-3,4-dehydrochebulate, 1,3,4,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose) and waxes (montanoic acid methyl ester, triacontanol).

    Image Gallery
    Branch-of-Chamber-Bitter-plant Branch-of-Chamber-Bitter-plant
    Chamber-Bitter-Plant Chamber-Bitter-Plant
    Chamber-Bitter-plant-growing-wild Chamber-Bitter-plant-growing-wild

    Chamber-Bitter-Powder Chamber-Bitter-Powder
    Flower-of-Chamber-Bitter-plant Flower-of-Chamber-Bitter-plant
    Fruit-of-Chamber-Bitter Fruit-of-Chamber-Bitter

    Image-showing-flower-&-leaves-of-Chamber-Bitter Image-showing-flower-&-leaves-of-Chamber-Bitter
    Immature-fruits-of-Chamber-Bitter Immature-fruits-of-Chamber-Bitter
    Leaves-of-Chamber-Bitter-plant Leaves-of-Chamber-Bitter-plant

    Mature-Fruits-of-Chamber-Bitter Mature-Fruits-of-Chamber-Bitter
    Plant-Illustration-of-Chamber-Bitter Plant-Illustration-of-Chamber-Bitter
    Sketch-of--Chamber-Bitter Sketch-of--Chamber-Bitter

    Traditional uses and benefits of Chamber bitter

    • Frequent micturition and bladder diseases can be cured with the decoction of bark.
    • Decoction is used against colic and stomachache by the mother of a newborn child in Surinam.
    • Infusion of the plant is effective for kidney problems.
    • Plant is used for liver problems in general such as acute and chronic Hepatitis B. Diabetes, dysentery, flu, tumors, headache, fever, Jaundice, Vaginitis, Conjunctivitis, Menstrual disorders and dyspepsia uncomfortable feeling in the upper middle part of the stomach.
    • It is used against colic, and as an effective remedy to eliminate gall and kidney stones, urinary tract infection (UTI) and bladder inflammation.
    • It is also used for blennorrhagia (gonorrhea).
    • Paste prepared from Chamber Bitter, rock salt and water in copper utensils when applied around the eye is beneficial for eye disorders.
    • Decoction obtained from boiling whole plant when taken about 1 tsp every day is beneficial for cough.
    • Paste obtained from 10 g root with water when taken with 1 tsp rock sugar or honey is effective for Respiratory diseases.
    • Mixture of 100 g leaves and 250 ml milk is beneficial for Ascites as well as urinary diseases.
    • Consuming 10 ml Decoction obtained from heating 50 g whole plant along with 400 ml water is beneficial for Ascites.
    • Decoction obtained from boiling 20 g leaves of Chamber Bitter along with 200 ml water is beneficial for bloating as well as Dysentery.
    • Decoction obtained from boiling 50 g whole plant with 400 ml water when taken with fenugreek powder is effective in diarrhea.
    • Paste prepared from 5 g root when taken with 250 ml milk in empty stomach is beneficial for jaundice.
    • Powder prepared from whole plant along with 20 black pepper when taken 2-3 times a day is beneficial for diabetes.
    • Mixture of 10 ml Chamber Bitter juice along with cumin and Jaggery is beneficial for urinary diseases.
    • Paste prepared from immature leaves when applied over wounds is beneficial for wound healing.
    • Paste prepared from leaves along with salt when applied over itch is beneficial for itchiness.
    • Decoction obtained from leaves is beneficial for skin disorders.
    • Paste prepared from leaves is beneficial for itch in your legs.
    • Paste prepared from equal amounts of Chamber Bitter leaves along with black pepper and nutmeg is made into small medicinal pills. Such pills when taken 2 times a day is beneficial for malarial fever as well as other recurring fevers.
    • Plant decoction is drunk and plant ash in water is applied as ear drops to treat earache in Nigeria.
    • Bitter leaves are eaten to treat hiccup and cough.
    • Decoction of young shoots or roots is taken to treat dysentery, malaria and typhoid fever.
    • Decoction of the whole plant is taken to fight jaundice and gonorrhea and is topically applied as a poultice to treat skin problems such as ulcers, sores, swelling and itch.
    • Plant decoction is drunk as a diuretic and purgative to treat diarrhea, painful urination, syphilis and liver problems, and also to treat fever in Madagascar, Reunion and Mauritius.
    • Stem or leaf infusion is taken to treat bronchitis and asthma and is externally applied to treat parasitic skin diseases in Madagascar.
    • Leaf infusion is taken to treat cough in Rodrigues.
    • It is used as a diuretic and purgative to treat a wide variety of uro-genital disorders, diarrhea and diabetes, as a bitter tonic and to treat fever, including malaria throughout the world.
    • Extracts are widely used against hepatitis B infections in Asia.
    • Crushed plant parts or an infusion are applied to treat ulcers, sores and tumors.
    • Crushed plant is used as fish poison in India.
    • Leaf or stem bark decoction is taken as a diuretic to treat venereal diseases and pain caused by kidney stones.
    • Sap of leafy twigs, or a twig decoction, is consumed to treat pain in the side.
    • Paste of fresh crushed leaves and kaolin in water is drunk and applied to the body to treat convulsions, colic, constipation and urethral discharges.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jATm3tupGc8

    Effect

    Phyllanthus urinaria is considered as a weed in several countries disturbing several crops like rice, potato, tobacco, groundnut, coconut, young cocoa, maize, cotton, various vegetables and fruit orchards. Certain form of economic loss in yield and quality is caused on crops where the weed is prevailing. To stop those losses, weeding operations need to be carried out, and these will suffer extra costs to farmers. In countries where credit and cash flow are a problem, weeding operations will have a negative economic impact on farmers. However, it may appear that the economic uses of and benefits from P. urinaria as a popular medicinal plant in many countries outweighs its adverse effects as a weed in agricultural and non-agricultural areas. The pharmacological and medicinal properties of the plant as an analgesic, a relaxant, retroviral, and retro bacterial agent have been exploited to cure hepatitis, kidney, urinary, bladder and other ailments. P. urinaria is an alternative host of pests and diseases that could have economic impacts.

    References:

    https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=28381#null

    http://www.hear.org/pier/species/phyllanthus_urinaria.htm

    https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=phur

    http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-155097

    https://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/71283/

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyllanthus_urinaria

    https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/46061

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    Chamber Bitter Facts

    Name Chamber Bitter
    Scientific Name Phyllanthus urinaria
    Native Asia and has spread as a weed throughout the tropics. It also occurs in tropical Africa and the Indian Ocean islands, but it is not common there
    Common Names Gripeweed, little mimosa, Chanca piedra, shatterstone, meniran, stone breaker, quebra pedra, zhen chu cao, ye xia zhu, chamber bitter, kilanelli, leafflower, komikansou
    Name in Other Languages ssamese: Hajar-moni, Mati-amlokhi
    Bengali:  Hazarmani (হাজারমণি), Bhui amala (भुइँ  आमला),
    Brazil: Erva-pombinha
    Chinese:  Ye xia zhu (叶下珠 ), Ye xia zhu (葉下珠),  Zen zhu cao (珍珠草), Jiǎ yóu shù (假油树), Zhū zǐ cǎo (珠仔草), Bì qí cǎo (蓖萁草), Yīnyáng cǎo (阴阳草)
    English:  Child-pick-a-back, Common leaf-flower, Shatterstone, Stone-breaker, Stone-breaker herb, Chamber bitter, ye xia zhu, Leafflower
    Fijian: Kai moku, se mbulumbulu, tho mokumoku
    French: Petit Tamarin rouge, Phyllanthe diuretique
    Gujarati: Bhoen awali (भोए आवलि) 
    Hindi:  Bhuiaonla, Hajarmani (हजारमणी), Kilanelli, Laal bhuinanwalah (लाल भुईंआंवला), Chakpa Heikru, Laal bhooyiavali (भुरी आवला)
    Indonesia: Memeniran, meniran
    Indonesia/Java: Memeniran, meniran
    Indonesia/Nusa Tenggara: Memeniran, meniran
    Japanese:  Komi kansou (コミカンソウ),  Komi kansou (小蜜柑草), ko-makansou
    Kannada: Kempu kirunelli (ಕೆಮ್ಪು ಕಿರುನೆಲ್ಲಿ) (केम्पू  किरानेल्ली), Kempu nelanelli (ಕೆಮ್ಪು ನೆಲನೆಲ್ಲಿ), Kiranelligida
    Kwara‘ae: mmala, mala o‘a
    Laotian:   Sa no khok
    Malay:  Dukung anak, Kelek anak, Turi Hutan, Meniran
    Malaysia: amin buah, dukong anak, keman jolok
    Malayalam: Chirukizhukanelli (ചിറുകീയുകനെല്ലി), Chukannakizhanelli (ചുക്കാന്‍കീഴ്നെല്ലി, Chuvannakizhanelli (चुकन्नाकिज्हनेल्ली)
    Manipuri:  Chakpa-heikru (চকপা হৈক্রূ)
    Marathi:  Bhuiavli, Laal bhooyiavali (लाल भुईआवळी)
    Nepalese:  Kanthad (खनतड), bhui awala (भुइँ  अवला)
    Philippines: Apoy-apoyan, ibaiba-an, laiolaioan, lurulaioan, minuhminuh, payog,  surusampalok, tabi, takum-takum, talindanon, turutalikod
    Portuguese: Quebra pedra
    Sanskrit:  Ajata, Amala, Bumyamalaki (भूम्यामलकी), Sukshmadala, Ujjhata (उज्झटा), Vituntika, Tali (ताली), shivaa (शिवा), taamalaaki (तामलाकी),  bahufala (बहुफाला), bahupatraa (बहुपत्रा), bahuwiryaa (बहुविर्या), bhuudhaatri (भूधात्रि)
    Spanish: Flor escondida
    Tamil:  Civappu kilanelli (சிவப்பு கீழாநெல்லி), Cirukilanelli (சிறு கீழாநெல்லி), shivappunelli (शिवाप्पुनेली)
    Telegu: Erra usirika (ఎర్ర ఉసిరిక), Ettausirika (एत्तौसिरिका)
    USA: Creole senna, gale of wind
    Vietnamese:  Chó đẻ răng cưa, Cam kiểm, Rút đất, Diệp
    Plant Growth Habit Eerect to prostrate, slender, glabrous annual or short-lived perennial herb
    Growing Climates Dry fields, roadsides, waste places, clearings, gardens and along paths, but is also found in evergreen forest
    Soil Prefers moist, fertile soils, on cultivated fields, arable peat, grasslands and also on roadsides and waste ground
    Plant Size 20-70 cm tall
    Root Well-developed taproot
    Stem Erect, more or less crimson red. The stem exudes a transparent latex when it is cut.
    Branch Reddish branchlets 5–13 cm long, flattened, often slightly winged and sparsely hairy
    Leaf Leaves are arranged alternately along with erect, red stem. The leaves are oblong or oblong-obovate, 7-18 mm long, 7.3 mm wide
    Flower Flowers, very small, 5-merous, axillary, ca. 1 mm in diameter. Male and female flowers are on the same plant.
    Fruit Shape & Size Globular capsule about 0.12 in. (3 mm) in diameter usually warty, hanging, 6-seeded
    Fruit Color Green, red or greenish-red
    Seed 1 mm long transversely ribbed on the back, and sides
    Taste Bitter, sweet
    Plant Parts Used Leaves, barks, roots
    Health Benefits
    • Beneficial for acute and chronic Hepatitis B.
    • Diabetes
    • Dysentery
    • Flu
    • Tumors
    • Headache
    • Fever
    • Jaundice
    • Vaginitis
    • Conjunctivitis
    • Bloating
    • Dysentery

    Chamber Bitter Scientific Classification

    Scientific Name: Phyllanthus urinaria

    Rank Scientific Name & (Common Name)
    Kingdom Plantae (Plants)
    Subkingdom Tracheobionta (Vascular plants)
    Infrakingdom Streptophyta  (land plants)
    Superdivision Spermatophyta (Seed plants)
    Division Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants)
    Class Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants)
    Subclass Rosidae
    Order Euphorbiales
    Family Euphorbiaceae (Spurge family)
    Genus Phyllanthus L. (leafflower)
    Species Phyllanthus urinaria L. (chamber bitter)
    Synonyms
    • Diasperus urinaria (L.) Kuntze
    • Phyllanthus alatus Blume
    • Phyllanthus cantoniensis Hornem
    • Phyllanthus croizatii Steyerm
    • Phyllanthus echinatus Buch.-Ham. ex Wall
    • Phyllanthus lauterbachianus Pax
    • Phyllanthus leprocarpus Wight
    • Phyllanthus mauritianus Henry H.Johnst
    • Phyllanthus muricatus Wall.
    • Phyllanthus nozeranii Rossignol & Haicour
    • Phyllanthus rubens Bojer ex Baker
    • Phyllanthus urinaria var. laevis Haines
    • Phyllanthus urinaria var. oblongifolius Müll.Arg
    • Phyllanthus urinaria subsp. urinaria
    • Phyllanthus verrucosus Elmer
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