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    Home»Herbs and Spices»Health Benefits of Skunkvine (Paederia Foetida)
    Herbs and Spices

    Health Benefits of Skunkvine (Paederia Foetida)

    By s mJuly 31, 2019Updated:July 31, 2019No Comments6 Mins Read
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    Skunkvine Quick Facts
    Name: Skunkvine
    Scientific Name: Paederia foetida
    Origin Bangladesh and southern Bhutan, China Cambodia and Taiwan
    Colors Shiny brown
    Shapes Globose capsule, to 0.7 cm (0.3 in) wide
    Skunkvine also known as Paederia Foetida, is a fast growing vine having 7 m long stems that twine into other plants for support (climbs into tree canopies or crawls on the ground). The plant is grown in East Asia. Usually, it is found to an altitude of 1800 m in Himalayan region. It has opposite, narrowly oval leaves and gray-purple flowers. Probably, Skunkvine is a weed as it is naturalized in various areas and seeds are dispersed easily by birds.

    Paederia foetida was introduced from Asia to Hernando Country, Florida as a probable fiber crop. It was reported as troublesome weed in its introduction getaway into native areas throughout Florida. It is regarded as an important invasive weed. The plant did not got its common name “skunkvine” for its smell like rose. But the species name “foetida” is derived from Latin word for foul smelling or stinky. Crushing the leaves or stems of Skunkvine offers displeasing and foul odor which is derived from sulfur compound present in leaves.

    The plant possess antiviral, antinocietive, anti-tussive, antidiarrhoeal, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. The majority of chemical constituents are present in its leaves and the chemical constituents comprises of sitosterol, iridoid glycoside, carbohydrates, alkaloids, ascorbic acid, β-sitosterol, amino acids, flavonoids, stigmosterol, volatile oil and galacturonic acid.

    Geographical distribution

    Skunkvine is endemic to Bangladesh and southern Bhutan, China Cambodia and Taiwan and the provinces of Anhui, Gansu, Fujian, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi, Henan, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Yunnan, Xizang, Zhejiang; India (in Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Meghalaya, Manipur, Nagaland, Mizoram, Telangana, Sikkim, in the northern part of West Bengal and the Andaman & Nicobar islands); Indonesia; Japan (in Kyushu, Honshu, Shikoku prefectures and in the Ryukyu Islands); Laos; Myanmar; Malaysia; Nepal; Singapore; the Philippines; Thailand; South Korea; and Vietnam.

    Skunkvine Image Gallery
    Close-up-flower Close-up-flower
    Flower-buds Flower-buds
    Leaves Leaves
    Plant-illustration Plant-illustration
    Seeds Seeds
    Unripe-fruits Unripe-fruits
    Plant-with-blossoms Plant-with-blossoms
    Ripe-fruits Ripe-fruits
    Vine Vine
    Plant description

    Skunkvine is a climbing, hairy or smooth slender vine which twins into woody rootstock. The stems are climbing, prostrate and about 7 m (23ft) or more. Leaves are opposite, ovate to oblong-ovate measuring 6 to 10 cm long and 3.5 to 5 cm wide. Blades are entire, hairy or glabrous, oval to linear-lanceolate about 2-11 cm (1-4.3 in) long. The flowers are grayish pink or lilac. Corolla is densely hairy and tubular with five spreading lobes. Flowers give way to fruits as a globose capsule, shiny brown measuring 0.7 cm (0.3 in) wide which encompasses 2 black and roundish seeds often dotted with white raphides.

    Root

    The plant has cylindrical or sub cylindrical, tortuous taproots about 2-4 cm long and 0.5-2 cm thick with number of branches and rootlets. The surface is rough due to longitudinal wrinkles, fissures and ridges. The thin scars, horizontal lenticles are present.

    Stem

    Stem is slender and sub-erect with diffuse branching and is 4 cm thick. It is sub-cylindrical that shows dumb bell shaped displayed in transverse view due to two dominant furrows that runs opposite each other on both surfaces. Externally it is dark brown with longitudinal anastomosing wrinkles, ridges and less cracks and circular lenticels, fracture and fibrous. It has foetid odor and indistinct taste.

    Leaves

    Leaves are simple, petiolate, glabrous, ovate, 10-15 cm long and 5-6 cm broad. The base is broad or narrow, apex acute/cuspidate. Stipule is ovate, lanceolate, entire, bifid, acute and base broad with hairy surface. Leaves have foetid odor and indistinct taste.

    Flower

    Flowers are bisexual, pedicellate, bracteates, violet to pink. It has campanulate calyx; funnel shaped, pubescent, gibbous, wooly inside corolla; narrow limb, divided into 5 cordate crenulate segments; short lobes; short filaments which is inserted irregularly about the middle of the tube. Anther is erect within tube and ovary is turbinate, two celled which contains one ovule each attached to bottom of the cell.

    Fruit

    Berries are ellipsoid, orbicular, compressed and smooth with five lines on each side. The red or black berries are 1.1 cm across and two seeded.

    Seed

    Seeds are smooth, compressed and enlarged with membranous ring all round.

    Traditional uses

    • In Asia and South East Asia, it is used for digestive ailments.
    • Plant decoction has anti-inflammatory properties against arthritis.
    • Leaves are useful for intestinal problems such as colic, abdominal pain, flatulence, cramps, rheumatism, gout and dysentery.
    • Leaves are also used for paralysis and infertility.
    • Stems and leaves are used for inflammation of urethra.
    • Drink the filtered infusion of pounded leaves adding water for intestinal problems.
    • Apply the leaves externally for treating swellings, bruises or apply the mashed ones for ulcerations of nose, earache and swollen eyes.
    • Use it in form of poultice to treat swollen belly, herpes, distension, ringworm or use it in anti- rheumatic baths.
    • Use the leaves juice as a treatment for diarrhea in children.
    • Use the root juice for indigestion, piles, pain in chest, liver and inflammation of spleen.
    • In India, the fruit is used to blacken teeth and treatment for toothache.
    • It was used to treat rheumatism in folkloric.
    • Apply the boiled and mashed leaves to abdomen for urinary retention.
    • Leaves decoction is used for urinary bladder stones and urinary retention.
    • Apply the pounded leaves to abdomen for flatulence.
    • Root decoction is used to expel gas.
    • Plant decoction is used for arthritis, abscesses and abdominal pain.
    • In Asia traditional therapies, it is used for dysentery and diarrhea.
    • In India, it is used for joint stiffness and rheumatism.
    • Leaves are used for treating paralysis and infertility.
    • Take 1-2 teaspoons of Paederia Foetida extract twice a day to provide relief from chronic abdominal pain, over eating, abscesses and arthritis.
    • Apply the soaked cloth in decoction to forehead to treat fever.

    Remedial Benefits of Skunk Vine

    1. Abdominal Pain and flatus

    Take 2-3 ml of leaves juice in empty stomach to provide relief from flatus, abdominal pain and recurrent complaints of worm infestation.

    1. Arthritis and inflammatory condition

    Mix the paste of Skunkvine leaves and tamarind leaves. Apply it in joints affected by swelling and arthritis. It is effective for swelling andpain.

    1. Joint pain and body ache

    Make an herbal decoction with equal quantity of Paederia foetida, Zingiber officinale and Cuminum cyminum. Take 20-30 ml of this decoction for body ache and joint pain.

    Culinary uses

    • Leaves are consumed raw or cooked.
    • Mix the leaves with spices and grated coconut and consume it raw in the form of side dish with rice.
    • Leaves are added to soups.
    • Mix the leaves with spices and various vegetables and then wrap it in a banana leaf and cook it over fire.
    • Sweet stem juice is sucked in Taiwan.

    Dose

    • Decoction – 20-30 ml
    • Powder – 3 to 6 gm
    • Leaf juice – 2-3 ml

    Other facts

    • Skunkvine is perennial plant having lifespan of more than 2 years.
    • It is a valuable food source for birds facilitating seed dispersal in wild.
    • It is propagated by division of root and seeds.
    • In the past, Skunkvine leaves were used as the source of fiber.

    References:

    https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=35085#null

    http://www.hear.org/pier/species/paederia_foetida.htm

    https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Paederia+foetida

    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260377403_Paederia_foetida_Linn_leaf_extract_An_antihyperlipidemic_antihyperglycaemic_and_antioxidant_activity

    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275555331_Paederia_foetida_Linn_As_a_potential_medicinal_plant_A_Review

    http://sphinxsai.com/PTVOL3/PT=83,%20VIKAS%20KUMAR%20(918-920).pdf 

    https://plants.ifas.ufl.edu/plant-directory/paederia-foetida/648/

    http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Paederia+foetida

    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232041414_In_Vitro_Regeneration_of_Paederia_foetida_a_Widely_Used_Medicinal_Vine_in_Bangladesh

    https://www.alwaysayurveda.com/paederia-foetida/

    https://www.planetayurveda.com/paederia-foetida-skunk-vine/

    http://www.softschools.com/facts/plants/skunkvine_facts/2654/

    https://ayushvedah.com/druginfo.php?drugid=189

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    Name Skunkvine
    Scientific Name Paederia foetida
    Native Bangladesh and southern Bhutan, China Cambodia and Taiwan
    Common/English Name Berihara, Biri, Prasarini, Stinkvine, Skunkvine, Chinese fever vine
    Name in Other Languages Assamese: Bhedai lota, Paduri lota;
    Bengali: Gandhabhaduliya, Gandhabhadule;
    English: Skunkvine, Stinkvine;
    Gujarati: Gandhana;
    Hindi: Gandha prasarani, Pasaran;
    Marathi: Hiran – vel;
    Sanskrit: Gandha Prasirini, Gandhpatra;
    English: Chinese fever vine, Chinese flower plant Skunk Vine, stink vine, Lesser Malayan stinkwort;
    Hindi: Gandhaprasarani, Pasaran;
    Urdu: سککا بیل;
    Telugu: Savirel, Takkeda;
    Bengali: Gandhabhadule, Gandhabhaduliya, Gandal;
    Marathi: Hiranvel, Hiran- vel, Haranvel;
    Oriya: Suprasara;
    Gujarathi: Gandhana, Prasarini;
    Tamil: Mudiyar, Pinarisangai, Kundal;
    Malayalam: Tala nili;
    Kannada: Prasarini bail, Hesarani;
    Punjabi: Prasarini;
    Sindhi: ڪڪڙ شراب;
    Arabic:  kirmat alzurban (كرمة الظربان);
    Spanish: vid de mofeta;
    Assamese: Paduri lota, Bhedai lota;
    Japanese:  Sukanku no tsuru (スカンクのつる);
    Chinese: Nu qing, Ji shi teng, Jie shu teng, Niu pi dong;
    French: liane lingue;
    German: Stinktierrebe;
    Burma: hc k ng saw hc pyit nwalpain;
    Nepal: Pate biree;
    Persian: اسنک انگور;
    Sinhalese: apasu madu;
    Greek: paederos;
    Tamil: Pinarisangai;
    Telugu: Takkeda, Savirel
    Plant Growth Habit Climbing, herbaceous, hairy or smooth slender vine
    Soil Well-drained
    Stem 2-7 m long, purplish or reddish-brown
    Leaf Ovate to oblong-ovate, 6 to 10 cm long, 3.5 to 5 cm wide
    Flowering Season Summer and fall
    Flower Grayish pink or lilac, bisexual
    Fruit shape & size Globose capsule, to 0.7 cm (0.3 in)wide
    Fruit color Shiny brown
    Seed Black, roundish

    Skunkvine Scientific Classification

    Scientific Name: Paederia Foetida

    Rank Scientific Name & (Common Name)
    Kingdom Plantae (Plants)
    Subkingdom Viridiplantae  (Green plants)
    Infrakingdom Streptophyta  (Land plants)
    Superdivision Embryophyta
    Division Tracheophyta (Vascular plants, tracheophytes)
    Class Magnoliopsida
    Order Gentianales
    Family Rubiaceae  (Madders, rubiacées)
    Genus Paederia L. (Sewer vine)
    Species Paederia foetida L. (Skunk vine, stinkvine)
    Synonyms
    • Apocynum foetidum Burm.f.
    • Crawfurdia paniculata Griseb.
    • Gentiana scandens Lour.
    • Hondbesseion foetidum (L.) Kuntze
    • Hondbesseion tomentosum (Blume) Kuntze
    • Paederia amboinensis Miq.
    • Paederia barbulata Miq.
    • Paederia chinensis Hance
    • Paederia chinensis f. microphylla Honda
    • Paederia chinensis f. tenuissima Masam.
    • Paederia chinensis var. angustifolia Nakai
    • Paederia chinensis var. maritima Koidz.
    • Paederia chinensis var. megaphylla Koidz.
    • Paederia chinensis var. velutina Nakai
    • Paederia corymbosa Noronha
    • Paederia dunniana H.Lév.
    • Paederia esquirolii H.Lév.
    • Paederia foetida f. microphylla (Honda) Tsukaya, Imaichi & J.Yokoy.
    • Paederia foetida var. sessiliflora (Poir.) Baker
    • Paederia laxiflora Merr.
    • Paederia laxiflora Merr. ex H.L.Li
    • Paederia longituba Nakai
    • Paederia magnifica Noronha
    • Paederia magnifolia Noronha
    • Paederia mairei H.Lév.
    • Paederia ovata Miq.
    • Paederia prainii Gand.
    • Paederia scaberula Miq.
    • Paederia scandans (Lour.) Merr.
    • Paederia scandens (Lour.) Merr.
    • Paederia scandens f. mairei (H.Lév.) Nakai
    • Paederia scandens f. megaphylla (Koidz.) H.Hara
    • Paederia scandens f. microphylla (Honda) H.Hara
    • Paederia scandens f. rubescens Asai
    • Paederia scandens f. rubrae-stellaris Konta & S.Matsumoto
    • Paederia scandens var. angustifolia (Nakai) T.B.Lee
    • Paederia scandens var. longituba (Nakai) H.Hara
    • Paederia scandens var. mairei (H.Lév.) H.Hara
    • Paederia scandens var. maritima (Koidz.) H.Hara
    • Paederia scandens var. tomentosa (Blume) Hand.-Mazz.
    • Paederia scandens var. velutina (Nakai) Nakai
    • Paederia scandens var. villosa (Hayata) Masam.
    • Paederia sessiliflora Poir.
    • Paederia stenophylla Merr.
    • Paederia tomentosa Blume
    • Paederia tomentosa f. tenuissima Hayata
    • Paederia tomentosa var. glabra Kurz
    • Paederia tomentosa var. mairei (H.Lév.) H.Lév.
    • Paederia uraiensis Hayata
    • Paederia villosa Hayata
    • Psychotria volubilis Roxb.
    • Psychotria volubilis Roxb. ex Wight & Arn.
    • Reussia sarmentosa Dennst.
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