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    Home»Herbs and Spices»Health benefits of Crown Flower Plant
    Herbs and Spices

    Health benefits of Crown Flower Plant

    By SylviaOctober 15, 2019Updated:October 15, 2019No Comments30 Mins Read
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    Crown flower Quick Facts
    Name: Crown flower
    Scientific Name: Calotropis gigantea
    Origin Continental Asia and South-East Asia and has been introduced in the Pacific Islands, Australia, Central and northern South America and Africa
    Colors Light green colored
    Shapes Pair of follicles, each follicle ovoid, boat-shaped, inflated, 6.5–10 cm long and 3–5 cm wide, many-seeded
    Taste Bitter, salty, astringent
    Health benefits Treat Diabetes, Good anti-inflammatory nature, Rid Blemishes of the skin, Treat Ear pain, Helps bowel movement, Improve speed of healing, Excellent vermifuge, Antidote for snake poison, Relief for a toothache, Relief from gastritis
    Calotropis gigantea, commonly called crown flower or giant milkweed, is a large shrub or small tree belonging to Asclepiadaceae or Milkweed or Ak family which includes 280 genera and 2,000 species of world-wide distribution but most abundant in the sub-tropics and tropics, and rare in cold countries. The plant is native to continental Asia and South-East Asia and has been introduced in the Pacific Islands, Australia, Central and northern South America and Africa as an ornamental near villages and temples and as a weed. In Africa it is recorded from Gabon, DR Congo, Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, Angola and Mozambique, as well as from Seychelles and Mauritius.

    The name of the genus is the combination of the Greek adjective “καλός” (kalós) which means beautiful and of the substantive “τρόπις” (trópis) that means keel, with reference to the shape of segment of the staminal crown.  The specific name is the Latin adjective “giganteus, a, um” which means huge, with obvious reference. Apart from crown flower it is also known as Giant Milkweed, Crown Flower, Giant Calotrope, Swallow-wort, Calotropis gigantean, Biduri, Indian milkweed, Kapal kapal, Kayu berduri, Kemengu, Lechoso, Pua kalaunu, Rak-dok, Rembaga, Remiga, Widuri, Bow-string hemp, Crown-flower, Akon, bowstring hemp, calotrope, crownplant, giant milkweed and giant rubber bush.

    Plant description

    Crown flower is an attractive, fast-growing, large flowering shrub or small evergreen tree that grows about 5 meters tall, occasionally to 10 meters. The plant is found growing in roadsides, disturbed areas, watercourses, river flats, dry coastal areas, along the sheltered shores of lagoons, overgrazed pasture land, hot, sunny, dry environments, wasteland, urban open spaces, fallow land, croplands, gullies, lowlands and floodplains. The plant succeeds in a variety of soils, but prefers littoral, sandy soils. Plants can also thrive in dry sands.

    Root bark

    The  tap  roots  are  found  to  be  having prominent tops with rounded head and rest of the  portion  spirally  curved.  These hard roots are grayish white in color and exhibit sap exudations at the places where bark has been cut. The bark of the older roots is cracked at places. The bark is yellowish grey outside and yellowish white inside. The upper cork portion is spongy and rough while the inner portion of bark is smooth and mucilaginous. The dried bark is bitter to taste.

    Leaves

    The opposite leaves are oblong obovate to nearly orbicular, short-pointed to blunt at the apex and have very short petioles below a nearly clasping, heart-shaped base. The leaf blades are light to dark green with nearly white veins. They are 7 to 18 cm long and 5 to 13 cm broad, slightly leathery, and have a fine coat of soft hairs that rub off. Leaves are pale green above, whitish green below, due to the presence of a fine down, and with prominent veins. The tender leaves are covered with ashy gray pubescence. Mature leaves are nearly smooth or even glabrous.

    Flower

    The inflorescences, on a robust, 5-16 cm long, peduncle, are axillar umbelliform cymes bearing numerous flowers, on a 2-5 cm long tomentose pedicel. Flowers are regular, bisexual, liliac or pale rose, purple or light greenish yellow and have a faint odor. They  are  arranged  in  simple  or  rarely compound cymose corymbs at the ends of laterally  placed  or  interpetiolar  peduncles arising from  alternate  sides  of  the  nodes.  Each cluster is surrounded by an involucre of several small oblong pointed scaly caducous bracts.  Flower buds are ovoid.

    Calyx

    Calyx has five lobes broadly ovate with small fleshy teeth like glands within the base.

    Corolla

    Corolla is regular, gamopetalous, pale rose purple or liliac, sub cordate to broadly sub- campanulate with a short tube and five broad ovate, lanceolate, valvate, spreading lobes.

    Stamens

    About five stamens are inserted at the base of the Coro. Filaments united to form a large stamina column provided  with  five  conspicuous radiating  coronal appendages  that  are completely adnate to,  but slightly  shorter  than the  column.  The appendages are fleshy, pale purplish or yellowish white and laterally compressed with a circinnately recurved hollow corsal spur at base and two short obtuse obliquely divergent cuticles towards the top just below the apex. Anthers are short, broad, and somewhat horny with broadly triangular membranous anther tips that are inflexed over the sides of the stigmatic hood. Flowering normally takes place from March to October.

    Fruits

    Fertile flowers are followed by spongy, ellipsoid follicles in pair, curved, 5-10 cm long and of 2.5-5 cm of diameter, containing several seeds. They split opens to release ovate, flat seeds, about 0.6 cm long and 0.4 cm broad, equipped at one end with a tuft of silky hairs, 2-4 cm long, that favor their dispersion through the wind.

    Ethno medicinal uses of different plant parts of Calotropis gigantea

    S. No Plant Parts used Preparation Uses
    1.         Whole plant In Nigeria traditional medicine, C. gigantea is either used alone or with other herbs To treat common diseases such as fever, rheumatism, cold, diarrhea, indigestion and eczema
    2.         Whole Plant Whole plant is used In boils and also to remove thorn from body.
    3.         Whole Plant Ash of whole plant For the treatment of jaundice
    4.         Whole plant The alcoholic extracts of the root and leaves of C. gigantea Is used as coloring material.
    5.         Root Chloroform root extract of Calotropis gigantea Were found to have anti-cancer activity against human epidermal carcinoma of the naso-pharynx tissue culture.
    6.         Root Root is used as Digestive agent
    7.         Root Root is used to treat Induced acute and chronic liver injury by carbon tetrachloride.
    8.         Root Extract of root is taken orally by the tribal ladies. Hydrocede, in headache, severe body pain, malarial fever and convulsion
    9.         Root The root powder is mixed with butter and this ointment is applied to. Eczema, leprosy, elephantiasis, asthma, cough and rheumatism.
    10.     Root given with black pepper To relieve filarial
    11.     Root The paste of root bark In dysmenorrhea, Dysentery.
    12.     Root The root bark powder is used Rabid dog bite and on the paralyzed limbs
    13.     Root bark Root bark powder Protracted labor and also used for spleen complaints, elephantiasis, rheumatism,
    14.     Root bark The bark of root is taken out and mixed with a minute dose of arsenic and given in the form of a pi In the treatment of Diarrhea and dysentery. In case of diarrhea it changes the fecal matter into a semisolid mass with in the first day of treatment
    15.     Root bark Stem used as tooth brush Is used to treat diarrhea and dysentery and it is an excellent substitute for ipecac.
    16.     Root Bark Latex is mixed with Sodium Chloride and warmed on hot slow heating. During heating continuous stirring should be done. One microgram given orally thrice a day. Traditionally it is used to treat cholera, extracting guinea worms and indigestion.
    17.     Root Bark The latex applied locally During the course of this treatment, prepared from the whole plant Swertia Chirayita is also taken. For the treatment of skin diseases, enlargements of abdominal viscera and intestinal worms.

     

    18.     Stem Dried powered leaves can be dusted over wounds, ulcers and old sores To people suffering from leprosy.
    19.     Stem Latex In morning, before sunrise, tender leaves were given in a capsule with water on an empty stomach. After treatment for three days Used as tonic, antispasmodic, and expectorant and in large doses emetic.
    20.     Stem Latex Mature leaves of C. gigantea along with urine of the patient concerned are filled in an air tight earthen pot. After ten days, a cloth wet in this urine is applied on To enhance amylase activity.
    21.     Stem latex Leaves of Calotropis gigantea are used

     

    As Tooth brush having the property of curing toothache
    22.     Stem Bark Leaves used as To the patient of tuberculosis
    23.     Leaves Leaf extracts mixed with oil on heat.

    Leaves are smoked.

    Leaf and black pepper used

    To cure Leucoderma
    24.     Leaves Young leaves are crushed and the juice is expressed on the palms of the person venomated. It is allowed to be there for five minutes and is sniffed. If immediately sneezing starts the snake is declared to be poisonous As an antidote in rabies
    25.     Leaves Milk of goat feeding on leaves of C. gigantea is given to infants Used as tonic and stimulant.
    26.     Leaves The fresh leaves of the plant are warmed and are applied as poultice To prompt healing.
    27.     Leaves Leaves are pounded with castor oil and banded over knee joints All patients suffering from migraine headaches got relief.
    28.     Leaves Fresh leaves are roasted in the ghee or oil and applied on the As a nematicide in vitro and in vivo.
    29.     Leaves leaves mixed with turmeric, honey and karanji was applied as a paste Bones/ parts affected from Sinus fistula.
    30.     Leaves Powder of 5g dried leaves mixed with gur given orally before sunrise for 5 days. To treat fever

     

    31.     Leaves Leaf latex is externally applied twice a day for 2-3 days Hydrocede, headache, severe body pain, malarial fever and convulsion.
    32.     Leaves Leaf latex is used to Used for joints and waist pain
    33.     Leaves Small quantity of fresh latex is applied over For asthma
    34.     Leaves Leaf latex is used as antidote To cure malarial fever.
    35.     Leaves Calotropin isolated from latex is used as a remedy for Eczema, leprosy, elephantiasis, asthma, cough and rheumatism.
    36.     Leaves Latex is anti-syphilitic and is also To confirm whether the snake that had bitten the person was poisonous or not
    37.     Leaves Milky latex is locally applied in the treatment of To cure asthma.
    38.     Leaves Preparations from latex with honey are used as In rheumatism, gout and to relieve pains.
    39.     Leaves Latex is applied Against rheumatism, asthma and also used as sedative.
    40.     Leaf latex Latex is, either taken internally or locally to the mouth of uterus with the aid of a stick well coated with juice. To get relief from joint pain.
    41.     Leaf Latex A single dose of the aqueous suspension of the dried latex was effective to a significant level against the To apply on ulcers
    42.     Leaf Latex Topical application of 20 micro liters of 1% sterile solution of the latex of Calotropis gigantea twice daily for 7 days For washing clothes.
    43.     Leaf Latex Pills of a black gram size are made from one tablespoonful of latex mixed with 20g sugar and 1g calcium carbonate. One pill twice a day given for three days is said Swelling part of body.
    44.     Leaf Latex Latex of the plant is filled in spaces between nails and finger tips of patient twice daily for a few days to cure conjunctivitis. To cure flatulence, anorexia, indigestion and intestinal worm infestation
    45.     Leaf Latex Latex is applied On the wounds
    46.     Latex Latex is used To cure migraine
    47.     Latex Take 26 gm. of lahori salt, put it in an earthen pot, add Calotropis milk so that the salt dipped in to it, and cover earthen pot mouth and heat up. Grind it and use the powder externally for gum bleeding with small amount of HCL. It is effective for Sores, skin diseases, inflammation and rheumatic joints
    48.     Latex 4 to 5 drops of fresh latex of the plant is dropped over the injured portion as an antiseptic in the To treat pain in any part of the body
    49.     Latex Used as Treat scorpion and snake bite. Leaf latex is applied on bitten area.
    50.     Latex Latex is topically used as The wart affected area.
    51.     Latex Latex of Calotropis gigantea and Mangifera indica mixed with one drop of conc. HCL is applied locally as an For Scorpion bite. Fresh leaves are cut and the excluding latex applied to affected area.
    52.     Latex Latex and leaves mixed with turmeric, honey and karanji was applied as a paste. Black scars on face; boils, cold, cough, asthma, ear ache, eczema, skin eruptions, inflammatory lesions, pain of the body, rheumatism, syphilis, leprosy and edema.
    53.     Latex Pills of the size of a black gram are made from the paste obtained by mixing 6gm flower buds with 7-8 black pepper seeds and 3gm salt. Two pills are given twice daily for three days. Inserted in to painful tooth cavities and applied to various skin complaints.
    54.     Latex Internal part of flower and sugar used for Cutaneous diseases such as ringworm, syphilitic sores and leprosy.
    55.     Latex Powder of dried flowers of Calotropis gigantea grind along with Papaver somniferum and Eletteria cardomomum (20gm each), called Tally, used three times daily (about one teaspoonful) Anti-rabies and also in the treatment of toothache and cough.
    56.     Latex The leaves and flowers are crushed and the paste is mixed with honey On ringworm and eczema, affected area becomes black after the application due to its burning effect
    57.     Latex Flowers of this plant are used Used for abortion
    58.     Latex About 12 gm stigmas are added to 5-8 black pepper, 3 gm black salt and opium (equal to one seed of mustard) and make into pills of the size of black pepper. One pill three times daily to given with hot water for three times a days Acute inflammatory response.
    59.     Latex Take 3 gm. of Calotropis seeds, 18 gm. of red chili seeds and 6 gm. opium. Grind all of these and mix it in one teaspoon of ginger and half cup of onion water, if unavailable then use syrup of sugar and citrus medica water. For wound healing potential.
    60.     Latex   To cure arthritis
    61.     Latex   In toothache
    62.     Latex   As antiseptic
    63.     Flower   Gum bleeding and salt
    64.     Flower   Skin infection
    65.     Flower   Cholera and leprosy.
    66.     Flower   Purgative and used in dysentery.
    67.     Flower   Odontalgic.
    68.     Flower   Various skin diseases also act as purgative.
    69.     Flower   Antidote in scorpion bite.
    70.     Flower   Relieve inflammation and snake bite to neutralize poison.
    71.     Stigma   Tooth ache, ringworm and also for removing face darkness.
    72.     Seed   Cytotoxicity of human colo-rectal carcinoma cell line and displayed the strong cyto-toxic activity
    In malaria fever
    To get relief from migraine.
    Abdominal diseases and asthma.
    To remove dandruff from the hair.
    To cure cholera and severe dysentery.
    To cure flatulence, anorexia, indigestion and intestinal worm infestation.
    In piles and asthmatic problems.
    To treat cholera.
    It is useful in cholera

     

    Percentage of ethno medicinal uses of different plant parts of C. gigantea against total number of uses

    Plant Parts Number of Uses Percentages of Uses
    1.       Whole Plant 4 5.19
    2.       Root 10 12.98
    3.       Root Bark 6 7.79
    4.       Stem 2 2.59
    5.       Stem Latex 2 2.59
    6.       Leaf 19 24.67
    7.       Leaf Latex 3 3.89
    8.       Latex 22 28.57
    9.       Flower 7 9.09
    10.   Stigma 1 1.29
    11.   Seed 1 1.29

     

    Crown flower Image Gallery
    Closer-view-of-flower-of-Crown-flower-plant Closer-view-of-flower-of-Crown-flower-plant
    Crown-flower-plant Crown-flower-plant
    Flowering-buds-of-Crown-flower-plant Flowering-buds-of-Crown-flower-plant
    Flower-of-Crown-flower-plant Flower-of-Crown-flower-plant
    Fruit-of-Crown-flower-plant Fruit-of-Crown-flower-plant
    Image-showing-silky-coma-of-Crown-flower-plant Image-showing-silky-coma-of-Crown-flower-plant
    Leaves-of-Crown-flower-plant Leaves-of-Crown-flower-plant
    Mature-fruit-of-Crown-flower-plant Mature-fruit-of-Crown-flower-plant
    Plant-Illustration-of-Crown-flower-plant Plant-Illustration-of-Crown-flower-plant
    Seeds-of-Crown-flower-plant Seeds-of-Crown-flower-plant
    Sketch-of-Crown-flower-plant Sketch-of-Crown-flower-plant
    Small-Crown-flower-plant Small-Crown-flower-plant

    Health benefits of Crown flower

    Listed below are some of the well-known health benefits of using Crown flower

    1. Treat Diabetes

    It is curious to know that Crown flower has certain anti-diabetic agents that are hailed for having the good influence on Diabetes. Recent study quote that the leaves and flower of Crown flower have some potential anti-diabetic agents that can treat diabetes with ease. It has certain properties that can enhance the sensitivity of insulin and stimulate the production of inulin simultaneously.

    2. Good anti-inflammatory nature

    The anti-inflammatory nature of Crown flower helps us treat inflammatory diseases such as gout and rheumatism. Warm the crushed leaves and apply it on painful joints for immediate relief.

    3. Rid Blemishes of the skin

    You may apply the latex of the plant mixed with turmeric to the facial skin to get rid of discoloration and blemishes. You can add suitable churna and cure vitiligo.

    4. Treat Ear pain

    To get a cure for ear disorders or pain in the ear, use yellow Crown flower leaves. Wash the leaves in water and extract the juice after you dry them. To 1 tablespoon of the juice, add 1 tablespoon of sesame oil. Add Cinnamon, asafoetida, calamus, and garlic (1/4 teaspoon each) to the mixture.

    Cool, strain, and store it for use as ear drops. Or, you can use the leaves roasted with ghee to make the juice. Then, use it as ear drops. You can also cure deafness by taking the juice from a yellow leaf and putting it in the ear.

    5. Helps bowel movement

    The preparations of the Crown flower plant help ease constipation.

    6. Improve speed of healing

    Calotropis Gigantea helps improve the healing of the superficial wounds on the skin.

    7. Excellent vermifuge

    Like the flower, the Crown flower’s leaves also find use in curing worm infestations.

    8. Cure for boils

    Take the latex of the Calotropis Gigantea tree. Mix it with turmeric and apply it on the affected area.

    9. Hypoglycemic effect

    The Crown flower leaves find a use for controlling the high levels of sugar in the blood.

    10. Vomit therapy

    Latex of the Crown flower’s leaves can cause vomiting and purgation. Hence, it finds use in purgation and vomiting therapy.

    11. Cure foot blister

    You get immediate relief for foot blister by applying the latex of the Crown flower tree.

    12. Cure cholera

    Take the dried bark of the Crown flower plant and powder it. To this, we add pepper powder and ginger juice. We roll it into small tablets the size of a pea. Take the tablet every two hours with mint juice. This will help cure the fever.

    13. Antidote for snake poison

    During the olden times, people chewed the leaves of the Calotropis Gigantea plant and applied the latex over the wound of a snake bite.

    14. Relief for a toothache

    We apply the latex on the gums to get relief from a toothache.

    15. Relief from gastritis

    They process the leaves of the Crown flower plant and use it to get relief from gastritis.

    16. Cure for chronic diarrhea and indigestion

    Use the preparations of the Crown flower plant to cure diarrhea that is long lasting. It settles the stomach and helps augment the digestive process.

    17. Use as an abortifacient

    Milky discharge of the Crown flower plant is an abortifacient. So, women who want to abort their child will use the latex preparations.

    18. Spasmogenic property

    The preparations of the plant are capable of Spasmogenic effect. So, it finds use in the treatment of a variety of diseases.

    19. Treat sexually transmitted diseases

    People use the white flowers of the Crown flower plant for treating diseases such as syphilis.

    20. Good anti-fungal property

    You can treat diseases such as candida by using the Sodom plant preparations. The medicine can prove poisonous if you overdose so be careful.

    Traditional uses and benefits of Crown flower (Sodom)

    • The plant reportedly has antifungal and insecticidal properties.
    • In traditional medicine, crown flower is used as treatment for common diseases such as fever, coughs and colds, eczema, rheumatism, nausea, and diarrhea.
    • Latex is also used for treatment for sprains, boils, body pains, and pimples.
    • Milky sap (latex) clots when warm and is said to have similar cardiac properties to digitalis (from various Digitalis spp.).
    • It is used in the treatment of a variety of other conditions including dysentery, leprosy, elephantiasis, epilepsy, asthma and many other complaints.
    • Mixed with salt, it is taken orally as an emetic for treating severe colds.
    • Latex is applied to sprains, body pains, boils and pimples in Nepal.
    • Milky latex is used externally to stop bleeding, and for treating a wide range of conditions including leprosy, rheumatism, ringworm, boils, scabies, stings, burns, bruises, cuts, sores and wounds.
    • It is applied to the gums and teeth to treat caries and toothaches.
    • Bark is used as a medicine for the treatment of neuro dermatitis and syphilis.
    • Powdered bark is used to treat diarrhea, dysentery, elephantiasis, and leprosy.
    • Stem bark is diaphoretic and expectorant, and is used for dysentery, spleen complaints, convulsions, lumbago, scabies, ringworm, pneumonia, and to induce labor.
    • An infusion of the leaves is used to treat severe chest colds and heart conditions.
    • Leaf juice is used in the treatment of intermittent fever.
    • Smoke of dried, burned leaves is inhaled to calm asthma attacks.
    • Crushed leaves are warmed and used as a poultice on sores, burns, headaches and rheumatic pains.
    • Powdered flowers are valued for treating coughs, colds and asthma.
    • An infusion is taken to treat intestinal worms, rheumatism and epileptic attacks.
    • Juice of young buds is dropped into the ear in the treatment of earache.
    • Sap is used in treating leprosy and as a purgative.
    • Bark and Latex is used to treat skin diseases and as a vermifuge.
    • Root bark has been substituted for ipecac, especially to treat dysentery; also used in treating skin disease.
    • Bark of the species is used as a medicine for the treatment of neuro dermatitis and syphilis, and the leaves are used as a poultice in China.
    • Young fruits are boiled in water and a paste prepared which is applied on the body to remove blood clots.
    • Latex obtained from the plant is used to induce vomiting as well as purgation.
    • It helps in relieving bloating, flatulence and abdominal distension as a result of improper digestion of food.
    • It is also effective in treating ascites in which there can be large abdominal distension due to the accumulation of fluid in the abdominal region.
    • It improves appetite thus fighting anorexia and disinterest in consuming food.
    • It helps in healthy working of the respiratory system, helping in diseases like common cold, cough, asthma and other similar respiratory problems.
    • Leaves and latex are used as an antidote for snake poison.
    • Leaves can be boiled and used as a hot poultice to relieve stomach pains, headaches and sprains.
    • Tincture made from the leaves is said to be good for fevers.
    • Parts of the plant are also given as an aphrodisiac and a sedative, and as it was found to stimulate the blood flow, it probably can help men with erectile dysfunctions.
    • Skin from the root is used in decoction for skin problems.
    • Root was used for the treatment of eczema, leprosy, elephantiasis, asthma, cough, rheumatism and diarrhea.
    • Tender leaves of C. gigantea are also used to cure migraine.
    • It is also used as a remedy for black scars of face, boils, cold, cough, asthma, ear-ache, eczema, skin eruptions, inflammatory lesions, pains, rheumatism, syphilis, leprosy and edema.
    • It has also been used as an antiseptic for skin infection, laxative, ear drops and anti-fertility agent.
    • Root bark and leaves have been used by various tribes of central India as a curative agent for jaundice.
    • In Ayurveda, Indian practitioners have used the root and leaf in asthma and shortness of breath and the bark in liver and spleen diseases.
    • Plant is reported as effective in treating skin, digestive, respiratory, circulatory and neurological disorders and was used to treat fevers, elephantiasis, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

    Ayurvedic Health benefits of Crown flower

    • Ascites: Apply the latex of Sodom locally on the affected areas.
    • Leprosy: Use the latex of Sodom plant on the affected skin.
    • Leucoderma: Apply the latex of Sodom on the skin patches.
    • Ringworms: Apply the milky fluid of Sodom plant over infected skin.
    • Stings: Locally apply the milk fluid of Sodom plant on the damaged skin.
    • Deafness: Take a ripe yellow leaf of Sodom. Warm it. Squeeze the leaf juice drops in ears. Use it for 2 weeks.
    • Caries: Apply the latex of Sodom on the affected teeth.
    • Gastroenteritis: Roast the leaves of Sodom and apply locally.
    • Swelling: Apply the roasted leaves of Sodom over the affected area.
    • Headache: Warm the leaves of Sodom. Tie it with cotton cloth on the forehead.
    • Antidote: Chew 4 leaves of Sodom once a day. OR: Crush roots of Sodom and apply it over bitten area.
    • Fever: Mix equal quantity leaf juice of Sodom with
    • . Take 1 tsp. of it repeatedly after 1 hour.
    • Aphthous Ulcers: Add 1 tsp. Honey in same quantity latex of Sodom. Apply it over affected areas.
    • Ascaris: Consume mixture of Sodom leaf juice and Honey twice a day.
    • Dental Diseases: Externally apply latex of Sodom plant over Dental Problems.
    • Analgesic: Apply Latex of Sodom over painful areas.
    • Tumor: Consume 3 ml root extract of Sodom. Have it once a day.
    • Diabetes: Consume 1 g dry latex of Sodom twice a week.
    • Liver Disease: Take some leaves and flowers of Sodom. Make its decoction. Have 10 ml of it twice a day.
    • Malaria: Pluck a leaf of Sodom and collect a drop of the milky sap in a spoon. Add some palm jaggery and make a small pill. Ask the Malaria patient to swallow this pill on empty stomach. (Note: Pluck the leaf before sunrise as after sunrise that milky sap turns poisonous.)
    • Abscess: Mix the latex of Sodom with Turmeric powder to make a paste. Apply it over the affected areas
    • Abscess: Soak few Carom seeds in the latex of Sodom overnight. Roast the soaked seeds over flame. Grind them to make a fine powder. Mix 1 tsp. of the powder with Yogurt. Apply it on the damaged skin.
    • Acne: Mix some Carom seeds with the milky sap of Sodom. Leave it overnight. Roast the soaked seeds and grind them. Mix 1 tsp. of the powder with Yogurt. Apply it on the affected areas.
    • Asthma: Take equal quantities of Sodom flowers, Clove and Black Pepper. Grind them together. Mix a pinch of this mixture with lukewarm water. Drink this water once a day. (Caution: Do not use in excess as it may cause Diarrhea or Vomiting.)
    • Bronchitis: Grind the root bark of Sodom. Mix it with Date Palm sugar. Take a pinch of it during bedtime with warm milk. (Caution: Excess use may cause Diarrhea.)
    • Cold: Mix Date Palm sugar with Sodom root barks powder. Take 2 pinch of it with warm milk at night
    • Cough: Take root bark of Sodom. Grind it to make powder. Add Date Palm sugar in it. Take quarter tsp. of the mixture with warm milk during bedtime. Use it once a day.
    • Fatigue: Take mixture of Date Palm sugar and Sodom root bark powder during bed time. (Caution: Excess use may cause Vomiting.)
    • Insect Bites: Make a mixture of Sodom root bark powder and Date Palm sugar by taking them in equal ratio. Take 1/4 tsp. with warm milk at night. Use it for 4 days.
    • Leprosy: Take root bark powder of Sodom. Add same quantity of Date Palm sugar in it. Take a pinch of it with warm milk after dinner. (Caution: Do not use repeatedly, as it may cause Diarrhea.)
    • Cholera: Grind the root and bark of Sodom to make a fine powder. Add some Ginger juice and Black Pepper. Mix properly to make a thick paste. Make pea sized pills of it. Make a decoction of Cardamom and Mint leaves. Take 1 pill with the decoction after every 2 hours. Use it for 5 days.
    • Cold: Take boiled rice in a cup. Add 5 ml Sodom latex. Put it under sun to dry for 1 week. Repeat the whole process by adding 15 ml latex. Grind to make powder. Add some Camphor powder in it. Use it as snuff.
    • Cough: Add 1 tsp. milky sap of Sodom in 1 cup boiled rice. Dry it under sun for 7 days. Now again add 3 tsp. latex in it and dry again. Grind to make powder. Add camphor powder in it and use as snuff.
    • Colic: Take 4 g of Sodom flower, black salt and Carom seeds. Add 8 g dried Ginger in it. Grind them to make powder. Make a thick paste by adding Lime juice in it. Make small pills of equal size with it. Take 1 pill per day with warm water.
    • Stomach Ache: Grind 1 tsp. of Sodom flower, black salt, Carom seeds and 2 tsp. of dried Ginger to make powder. Make dough like consistency by adding Lime juice in it. Make pills of it. Have one pill per day with warm water.
    • Earache: Extract the juice of ripe yellow leaves of Sodom. Take quarter teaspoon of it and add same amount of Sesame Oil. Now, add quarter teaspoon of Sweet Flag powder, Cinnamon, Garlic and 2 teaspoon of Asafoetida powder. Boil the mixture until it gets thick. Filter it through a piece of cloth. Cool it and use as ear drops.
    • Ear Discharge: Mix 3 g of each of Sodom leaves juice, Sesame Oil, powder of Sweet Flag, Cinnamon and Garlic. Add 12 g Asafoetida powder in it. Boil until it gets thick. Filter through a piece of cloth. Cool it and use as an ear drop.
    • Headache: Take 500 ml of Sesame oil. Add two tbsp. of Sodom flower juice, Turmeric powder, Garlic paste, Black pepper powder each. Boil over a low flame till it thickens. Cool. Put it in a bottle. Take 3-4 tbsp. of oil and massage the scalp with it. Use thrice a week
    • Asthma: Take equal quantity of Emetic Nuts, Sodom Root and Licorice. Grind them together. Have 2 pinches once a day with water.
    • Cold: Take Emetic Nuts, Licorice and Sodom in equal quantity. Powder them together. Have one pinch once a day. It gives relief in Cold conditions.
    • Bronchitis: Mix dried Sodom flowers, Black Pepper and Clove in 4:2:1 ratio. Grind them to make powder. Consume 3 g of it with lukewarm water.
    • Earache: Take 125 gm. juice of Datura Stramonium leaves and same amount of Sesame Oil. Mix well. Boil in a tin vessel for 5 to 10 minutes on medium flame till the juice remains half. Add 5 top 6 leaves of Sodom and a pinch of salt in it. Boil till it gets a thick consistency. Strain and let it cool. Put 2 to 3 drops of this solution in the affected areas twice a day.
    • Asthma: Take Ziziphus Xylopyrus roots, Sodom stem bark, Erythroxylum monogynum stem bark, Indian Kino stem bark and 10 dry Cayenne Pepper. Grind them all to make a fine powder. Consume quarter teaspoon of each of the herb powder for 3 days with 1 liter of water, once a day.

    Other Facts

    • Crown flower produces a durable fiber known as ‘Bowstring of India’ used in making ropes and carpets among others.
    • Wood is used as fuel and made into charcoal.
    • Leaves can be used for mulching, green manuring of rice fields and for binding sandy soil.
    • Plant is sometimes grown as a hedge.
    • Fine fiber is obtained from the bark of the stems.
    • It is much used for making textiles, fishing nets and bowstrings.
    • Mature seed pods consists of a large quantity of floss, which has a variety of uses it can be used to stuff pillows etc. or mixed with other fibers to make cloth.
    • It is a Kapok substitute, being very water repellent it can be used as a buoyancy aid in Life Jackets or as a stuffing material.
    • Floss absorbs oil whilst repelling water and so has also been used to mop up oil spills at sea.
    • Candlewicks can be made from the seed floss.
    • Twigs are used as chew sticks for cleaning the teeth.
    • Juice is used in making a yellow dye and in tanning.
    • Wood is sometimes used for fuel, but it is of poor quality.
    • Good quality charcoal is obtained from the wood and can be used for making gunpowder.
    • Attractive flowers are long lasting and used for floral arrangements.
    • May exhibit mosquito controlling properties against Culex gelidus and Culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes which serves as vectors for Japanese encephalitis.
    • They were preferred by the Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani, who considered them a symbol of royalty and wore them strung into leis.
    • They are used in funerals to decorate the urn or sarcophagus and the interior of the house holding the funeral in Cambodia.
    • Calotropis yields a durable fiber useful for ropes, carpets, fishing nets, and sewing thread.
    • Floss, obtained from seeds, is used as stuffing.
    • Fermented mixture of Calotropis and salt is used to remove the hair from goat skins for production of nari leather and from sheep skins to make leather which is much used for inexpensive book binding.
    • In East Africa the wood is also used as a toothbrush.

    Precautions

    • Sap (latex) is somewhat poisonous.
    • It is used for poisoning arrows.
    • All parts of the plant are toxic, due to the presence of several cardiac glycosides.
    • Plant is also known to cause allergic contact dermatitis, and the latex causes kerato-conjunctivitis.
    • Parts of plant are poisonous if ingested.
    • Avoid use during pregnancy and breast feeding.
    • Excessive use is considered poisonous.
    • Dosage of different parts of this herb should be carefully modulated as over dosage can induce severe vomiting and diarrhea in patients.
    • It should not be given to children.

    References:

    https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=506010#null

    http://www.hear.org/pier/species/calotropis_gigantea.htm

    https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Calotropis+gigantea

    https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/16847

    https://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?taxonid=276827&isprofile=0&

    https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/32452

    http://www.narc.gov.jo/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?id=8652

    http://luirig.altervista.org/schedenam/fnam.php?taxon=Calotropis+gigantea

    http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2693661

    https://keyserver.lucidcentral.org/weeds/data/media/Html/calotropis_gigantea.htm

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calotropis_gigantea

    https://www.monaconatureencyclopedia.com/calotropis-gigantea-2/?lang=en

    https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/CTRGI

    https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ca82/a0c618880673723a32de3433c9e5b9f73035.pdf

    http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Calotropis+gigantea

    https://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Calotropis_gigantea_(PROTA)

    http://www.ethnoleaflets.com/leaflets/calotrop2.htm

    https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/CropFactSheets/calotropis.html

    https://www.ejpmr.com/admin/assets/article_issue/1472639505.pdf

    http://www.flowersofindia.net/catalog/slides/Crown%20Flower.html

    https://plants.sc.egov.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=CAGI11

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    Crown Flower facts

    Name Crown flower
    Scientific Name Calotropis gigantea
    Native Continental Asia and South-East Asia and has been introduced in the Pacific Islands, Australia, Central and northern South America and Africa as an ornamental near villages and temples and as a weed. In Africa it is recorded from Gabon, DR Congo, Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, Angola and Mozambique, as well as from Seychelles and Mauritius
    Common Names iant Milkweed, Crown Flower, Giant Calotrope, Swallow-wort, Calotropis gigantean, Biduri, Indian milkweed, Kapal kapal, Kayu berduri, Kemengu, Lechoso, Pua kalaunu, Rak-dok, Rembaga, Remiga, Widuri, Bow-string hemp, Crown-flower, Akon, bowstring hemp, calotrope, crownplant, giant milkweed, giant rubber bush
    Name in Other Languages Arabic: Aushar, oschor
    Assamese: Akon,Akonda
    Bengali: Aakanda (আকন্দ)
    Burmese: Maioh, mayo,mayo-pin
    Chinese: Niu jiao gua
    English: Bowstring hemp, calotrope, crown flower, crownplant, giant milkweed, madar, Giant milkwood, Giant Calotrope, Milkweed, tembega, yercum fibre
    French: Arbre à soie, mercure végétal, mudra
    German: Akonfaserstraunch, Mudarpflanze, Wahre Mudarpflanzer, Gomeiner
    Gujarati: Aakando
    Hawaiian: Puakalaunu
    Hindi: Safed Aak (सफ़ैद आक), Ak, Mudar, Arka (अर्क), Akond, Arkh
    I–Kiribati: Te bumorimori
    Indonesia: Bidhuri, Sidaguri, Widuri
    Irula: Yerukkuchedi
    Italy: Seta di calotropis, Calotropo
    Javanese: Rubik
    Kannada: Yekke gida
    Laos: Kok may, Dok kap, Dok hak
    Malay: Berduri, bidhuri, merigu, remigu, sidaguri
    Malayalam: Vella-erikku, Chuvannaerikk (ചുവന്നഎരിക്ക്), Erikku, Yerikku, Vellerikk (വെള്ളെരിക്ക്), Dinesam, Erikkalachedi
    Malaysia: Remiga, Rembiga, Kemengu
    Manipuri: Angkot (অংকোত)
    Marathi: अर्की Arki,रुइटी Ruiti,अर्क Arka,रुई Rui
    Myanmar: mayo
    Nepali: Aank (आंक), Ark (अर्क), Madaar (मदार)
    Persian: Kharak
    Punjabi: Ak
    Sanskrit: Arki (अर्की), Hrasvagnih (हृस्वअग्निः), Arka (अर्क), Sadapushpa (सदापुष्प), Alarka
    Spanish: Lechoso, mudra
    Swedish: Kronbuske
    Tahitian: Tahinu
    Tamil: Arkkam,Yerukku, Malaiyerukku (மலையெருக்கு), Erukku (எருக்கு)
    Telugu: Uccinta (ఉచ్చింత), Jilledi Puvvu (జిల్లేడి పువ్వు), Nallajilledu (నల్లజిల్లేడు), Jilledu (జిల్లేడు), Uchchinta (ఉచ్చిత)
    Thai: Po thuean, paan thuean, rak
    Turkish: Ipekag
    Unani: Madaar, Aak
    Vietnamese: Bong bong, coc may, nam ti ba
    Plant Growth Habit Attractive, fast-growing, large flowering shrub or small evergreen tree
    Growing Climates Roadsides, disturbed areas, watercourses, river flats, dry coastal areas, along the sheltered shores of lagoons, overgrazed pasture land, hot, sunny, dry environments, wasteland, urban open spaces, fallow land, croplands, gullies, lowlands and floodplains
    Soil Succeeds in a variety of soils, but prefers littoral, sandy soils. Plants can thrive in dry sands
    Plant Size About 5 meters tall, occasionally to 10 meters
    Bark Thick,  rough  and  corky,  yellow-brown color, longitudinally cracked; young shoots woolly hairy; latex in all parts
    Stem Erect greyish stems up to 20cm in diameter from whose wounds exudes a milky sap
    Leaf Sub- sessile, 6-15 cm by 4.5-8 cm, broadly ovate, ovate-oblong, elliptic or obovate acute, pubescent; when young and glabrous on both sides when mature
    Flowering season March to October
    Flower The flowers are shallowly campanulate with five sepals that are 4 to 5 mm long, fleshy and variable in color from white to pink, often spotted or tinged with purple
    Fruit Shape & Size Pair of follicles, each follicle ovoid, boat-shaped, inflated, 6.5–10 cm long and 3–5 cm wide, many-seeded
    Fruit Color Light green Colored
    Seed Oblong to ovate 5–6 mm long, with 2–3 cm long silky coma at one end
    Propagation By Seeds, Cuttings. Layering
    Lifespan About 12 years
    Taste Bitter, salty, astringent
    Plant Parts Used Leaves, flowers, roots, steam bark, latex, root bark
    Health Benefits
    • Treat Diabetes
    • Good anti-inflammatory nature
    • Rid Blemishes of the skin
    • Treat Ear pain
    • Helps bowel movement
    • Improve speed of healing
    • Excellent vermifuge
    • Cure for boils
    • Hypoglycemic effect
    • Vomit therapy
    • Cure foot blister
    • Cure cholera
    • Antidote for snake poison
    • Relief for a toothache
    • Relief from gastritis
    • Cure for chronic diarrhea and indigestion
    • Use as an abortifacient
    • Spasmogenic property
    • Treat sexually transmitted diseases
    • Good anti-fungal property
    Culinary Uses
    • The central part of the flower is candied and used as a sweetmeat.
    • An alcoholic drink is made from the leaves.
    • The plant yields manna.

    Crown flower Scientific Classification

    Scientific Name: Calotropis gigantea

    Rank Scientific Name & (Common Name)
    Kingdom Plantae (Plants)
    Subkingdom Tracheobionta (Vascular plants)
    Infrakingdom Streptophyta  (land plants)
    Super Division Spermatophyta (Seed plants)
    Division Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants)
    Sub Division Spermatophytina  (spermatophytes, seed plants, phanérogames)
    Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons)
    Sub-Class Asteridae
    Super Order Asteranae
    Order Gentianales
    Family Asclepiadaceae (Milkweed family)
    Sub Family Caesalpinioideae
    Genus Calotropis R. Br. (calotropis)
    Species Calotropis gigantea (L.) W.T. Aiton (giant milkweed)
    Synonyms
    • Asclepias gigantea L.
    • Calotropis gigantea (L.) Dryand.
    • Calotropis gigantea (L.) R.Br.
    • Calotropis gigantea (L.) R.Br. ex Schult.
    • Madorius giganteus (L.) Kuntze
    • Periploca chinensis Decne.
    • Periploca cochinchinensis Lour.
    • Streptocaulon cochinchinense (Lour.) G.Don
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