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    Home»Herbs and Spices»Health Benefits of Operculina turpethum (Turpeth)
    Herbs and Spices

    Health Benefits of Operculina turpethum (Turpeth)

    By s mJuly 16, 2019Updated:July 17, 2019No Comments5 Mins Read
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    Turpeth Quick Facts
    Name: Turpeth
    Scientific Name: Operculina turpethum
    Origin Asia; India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, China, Taiwan and Myanmar
    Shapes Round, 1 to 1.5 centimeters
    Turpeth, Operculina turpethum, is also known from other names such as Indian Jalap, Turpeth root (in English), Nisoth, Panila, Turpeth, Pithori (in Hindi), Trivrit (in Sanskrit), Tegada (in Telugu), Triputa, Trikolpakkonna, Sivata (in Malayalam), Sigade (in Kannada) and Kumbham, Sivatai (in Tamil). The herb belongs to Convolvulaceae family. It is found on roadsides across India upto 1000 square feet and also cultivated as an ornament in gardens. The plant is distributed in tropical regions of India, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Philippines, China, Madagascar, Bangladesh, Africa and Mauritania. It is scattered in Australia, Africa, Pacific, Asia and Asia-Temperate. Moreover, it is naturalized in Southern America (West Indies).

    Usually it is grown as a souvenir for Ayurvedic herbal remedies. The plant is a perennial aromatic creeper with triangular or rectangular stems. It owns lots of leaves in bunches. Leaves are oval in shape and measures 2 to 5 inches long. Roots are cylindrical in shape. It has 3 to 4 stems which holds white flowers and fruit. Stems are round and measures 1/2 or 3/4 inches in diameter. The flowering and fruiting occurs from March to December.

    Roots are sweet, bitter, carminative, purgative, hepatic, acrid, expectorant, anti-pyretic and stimulant. It is used in various remedies as a cure for colic, intermittent fever, jaundice, dropsy, constipation, obesity, tumors and paralysis. Root bark incorporates glycosidic resin that has insoluble glycoside turpethein. Also it has large number of secondary metabolites which includes saponins, glycosides, flavonoids and phenolics. Moreover, various phytoconstituents such as glycosidic resin, beta-sitosterol, coumarin are contained in it.

    Plant description

    Turpeth is a large climber and perennial twinner with simple, triangular or rectangular stems. Stems are pubescent, twisting, winged and angled, usually tough and brown when become old. Roots are long, slender, much branched and fleshy. The thin root is circular having irregular wavy outline and measures 4 mm in diameter. Leaves are simple, pubescent on both sides but vary in shape. Leaves are oval about 2 to 5 inches long. The leaf base is cordate or truncate and about 5 -12.5 cm long and 1.3-7 cm wide. Flowers are white, campanulate with long sepals formed in cymes of few flowers which give way to globose capsules that are enclosed within overlapping brittle sepals. Capsules are round about 1-1.5 cm with four smooth seeds. Seeds are black, shiny and about 2 inches long.

    Turpeth Image Gallery
    Close-up-flower Close-up-flower
    Developing-fruit Developing-fruit
    Flower-buds Flower-buds
    Leaves Leaves
    Plant-illustration Plant-illustration
    Powder Powder
    Roots Roots
    Seedlings Seedlings
    Turpeth-flower Turpeth-flower
    Edible Uses

    • Soft stem is sucked or chewed.
    • Unripe and fleshy fruits are consumed raw or cooked like peas.

    Medicinal Uses

    • In India, Turpeth is used to hasten bowel movements.
    • In Ayurvedic system of medicine, root bark and seeds are used for treating skin disorders, constipation, fever, chronic gout, ulcers, bronchitis, tumors, hemorrhoids, jaundice, obesity, herpes and induced lacrimation.
    • Use the root powder for flatulence, rheumatism, scorpion sting, paralysis and snake bites.
    • Fresh leaves juice is used for conjunctivitis and corneal opacity.
    • In Tanzania, decoction made with rhizome and leaves are used to eliminate hookworm.
    • Use rhizome decoction to facilitate childbirth.
    • In Mauritius, leaves decoction is used as a purgative.
    • Take rhizome infusion internally for treating anorexia, fever, oedema, obesity, anemia, cough, hemorrhoids, dyspepsia, asthma, paralysis, flatulence, rheumatism, gout, abdominal tumors and menancholia.
    • Apply the rhizome’s paste externally for snakebites, scorpion stings, worm infestation, ulcers, wounds, skin disorders, vitiligo and pruritus.
    • For tuberculosis, herpes and vomiting of blood, use the mixture of rhizome powder, honey and butter.
    • Apply the mixture of rhizome powder and fresh juice leaves as eye drops for treating corneal opacity and conjunctivitis.
    • In western India, flowers are applied to head for treating headache.
    • The herb is used in Chinese medicine to treat oedema and as an astringent.
    • For rheumatic and paralytic affections, use this herb with ginger.
    • It is used in folk medicine for treating constipation, rheumatism, jaundice, piles, chronic gout and tumors.
    • Apply the roots to chancres, hemorrhoids and ulcerations.
    • The oil extracted from root bark is used for dermatologic scaly diseases.
    • In Nepal, root bark is used as antacid and laxative.
    • It eases the passage of stool and promotes bowel movements.
    • It relieves the symptoms related with hemorrhoids such as redness, irritation, itching, swelling around anus.
    • It manages the symptoms such as swelling of tissues under skin, stretched skin and increase in abdomen size.
    • It cleanses toxins.

    Medicinal applications

    • For dropsy, use 2 to 4 grams of tuberous roots blended with chebulic myroblan.
    • For gout, use turpeth in equivalent manner such as dropsical infections.
    • Take one or two tablespoons of turpeth with hot water twice every day to treat jaundice.
    • Grind the stem of turpeth root and mix rock salt and long pepper. Take this powder (6 grams) for constipation.
    • Grind equal quantity of aloe vera, turpeth, radish juice and white catechu. Let it remain for 24 hours. Make half gram tablets with this and dry in shadow. Take 1 to 2 tablets regularly twice a day for piles.
    • Apply the paste of sesame, turpeth root, madder root, purgative croton, rock salt, honey and ghee on affected area. This cures fistula.
    • Prepare a powder by grinding 50 grams turpeth root, 25 grams sugar and 10 grams pepper. Lick 14 spoons of this powder with honey to provide relief from indigestion.
    • For jaundice, take the mixture of turpeth root powder and sugar (10 grams) twice a day daily.

    Dosage

    Powder: 1-3 grams (divided dose per day).

    Precautions

    • Not to be used in pregnancy, children below 12 years of age, elderly people, physically or mentally weak persons and in people with diarrhea, recta prolapse, bleeding per rectum and fecal incontinence.
    • It acts as abortificient when used at the time of pregnancy.
    • People might experience the side effects such as abdominal pain, vomiting, dehydration, chest pain, vertigo, hypotension, confusion, shock and unconsciousness with the use of Turpeth root.

    References:

    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262565738_Operculina_turpethum_as_a_panoramic_herbal_medicine_A_review

    https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313916561_A_Review_on_Operculina_turpethum_A_Potent_Herb_of_Unani_System_of_Medicine

    https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7d7f/647126ce6f19a7ed66f0e871fc1a849f3064.pdf

    https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=504030#null

    http://www.ijpsonline.com/articles/protective-effect-of-root-extract-of-operculina-turpethum-linn-against-paracetamolinduced-hepatotoxicity-in-rats.html?view=mobiles

    http://www.unanijournal.com/articles/76/3-1-6-213.pdf

    http://e-charak.in/echarak/templates/Nardostachys%20%20grandiflora%20%20%20DC..pdf

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operculina_turpethum

    https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/265807

    https://www.planetayurveda.com/library/trivrit-operculina-turpethum/

    http://www.stuartxchange.org/Bangbangau.html

    https://www.tabletwise.com/medicine/turpeth-root

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    Name Turpeth
    Scientific Name Operculina turpethum
    Native Asia; India, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, China, Taiwan and Myanmar
    Common/English Name Indian Jalap
    Name in Other Languages Arabic: Urbad;
    Bengali: Nishotar;
    Chinese: He guo teng (盒果藤);
    English: Indian jalap, Transparent wood-rose, St; Thomas lidpod, Turpeth, Turpethum, Turpeth root;
    French: Operculine turpethum;
    Hindi: Nisotar,  Nisōtha (Nisoth) (निसोथ), Pitohri,   Nukpatar, Ṭārabuta (Tarbut) (टारबुत), Tarbud, Tarbal, Trabal; 
    Japanese: Fuusen asagao (フウセンアサガオ);
    Kannada:  Alutigade, Bilitigade, Bilenagadanti, Nagadanti, Devadanti, Sigade;
    Malayalam: Chivaka, Sarala, Rochani, Tribhandi, Sivata, Trikolpakonna, Trikolpakkonna, Triputa;
    Marathi: Nishottara, Phutkari;
    Russian: Operkulina terpetum (Оперкулина терпетум), Operkulina turpet (Оперкулина турпет),  Operkulina turpetum (Оперкулина турпетум); 
    Sanskrit: Ardhachandra, Arunatrivrt, Aruna, Kalameshi, Bahurecani, Kalaparni, Kalingika, Kali, Kootarana, Kumbhadhatri, Kumbha, Kutarana, Malavika, Lagivrittika, Masuravidala, Nandi, Masuri, Palindi, Recani, Paripakini, Rechani, Saha, Rochani, Sarala, Sara, Sarana, Sarasa, Sarvanubhuti, Shyama, Sukrabhandi, Susheni, Sarata, Suvaha, Tribhandi, Syama,  Trivit, Trivela, Trivrit, Trivrt, Trivrtta, Trivrta, Tryirit, Vidala, Trivrutha (त्रिवृथ), Nishotra (निशोत्र), Triputa (त्रिपुट);
    Tagalog:  Kamokamotihan, Burakan;
    Tamil:  Kumpncan (கும்பஞ்சான்), Paganrai (பகன்றை), Civatai (சிவதை), Caralam (சரளம்), Adimbu, Kumbam, Kumbham, Kumbanjan, Kunagandi, Samaram, Saralam, Sivatai, Sivadai, Sivathai, Sivedai;
    Telugu: Trivrut Tellatega (త్రివృత్ తెల్లతెగ), Tegada (తెగడ), Erra tegada, Nallategada, Ettategada, Tellategada;
    Urdu: Turbud safaid, Turbud;
    Oriya: Dudholomo;
    Punjabi: Nisoth;
    Telugu: Tella, Tegada, tegada (తెగడ), trivrut tellatega (త్రివృత్ తెల్లతెగ);
    Urdu: Turbud, Nishoth;
    Nepalese: nishodhi (निशोधि), nisoth (निशोथ)
    Plant Growth Habit Large climber and perennial twinner
    Soil Sandy loam to clay loam soil
    Plant Size 4 to 5 meter in length
    Parts used Whole plant, seeds, root bark, root, stem, and leaves
    Root Cylindrical, dull  gray
    Stem Triangular or rectangular
    Leaves 5-10 cm × 1.3-7 cm in size, ovate or oblong
    Flower White, campanulate
    Fruit shape & size Round, 1 to 1.5 centimeters
    Seed Smooth, black

    Turpeth Scientific Classification

    Scientific Name: Operculina turpethum

    Rank Scientific Name & (Common Name)
    Kingdom Plantae (Plants)
    Subkingdom Viridiplantae  (Green plants)
    Infrakingdom Streptophyta  (Land plants)
    Superdivision Embryophyta
    Division Tracheophyta  (Vascular plants, tracheophytes) 
    Class Magnoliopsida
    Order Solanales
    Family Convolvulaceae  (Morningglories, gloires du matin, morning-glories)
    Genus Operculina Silva Manso (Lidpod)
    Species Operculina turpethum (L.) Silva Manso (St. Thomas lidpod)              
    Synonyms
    • Argyreia alulata (L.) (Heterotypic)
    • Argyreia alulata Miq.
    • Convolvulus anceps (L.)
    • Convolvulus gaudichaudii Choisy
    • Convolvulus riedlei Choisy
    • Convolvulus triqueter (L.)
    • Convolvulus triqueter M.Vahl
    • Convolvulus turpethum (L.)  (Basionym)
    • Ipomoea anceps (L.) Roem. & Schult.
    • Ipomoea diplocalyx Baker
    • Ipomoea silvana (L.)
    • Ipomoea triquetra (Vahl) Roem. & Schult.
    • Ipomoea turpethum (L.) R.Br.
    • Ipomoea turpethum var. anceps (L.) Miquel
    • Merremia triquetra (M.Vahl) Roberty
    • Merremia turpethum (L.) Bojer
    • Merremia turpethum (L.) Rendle
    • Operculina triquetra (Vahl) Hall.fil.
    • Operculina triquetra (Vahl) Macbr.
    • Operculina turpethum (L.) Peter
    • Operculina turpethum var. heterophylla Hall.fil.
    • Operculina turpethum var. humilior (Haines) K.K.Khanna
    • OT var. heterophylla Hallier F (L.)
    • OT var. ventricosa
    • Spiranthera turpethum (L.)  (Homotypic)
    • Spiranthera turpethum (L.) Bojer
    • Tirtalia anceps (L.) Rafin.
    • Tirtalia triqueter (Vahl) Rafin.
    • turpethum var. anceps  (L.)
    • Turpithum australe Rafin.
    • Turpithum indicum Rafin.
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