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    Home»Herbs and Spices»Facts and benefits of Marvel of Peru
    Herbs and Spices

    Facts and benefits of Marvel of Peru

    By SylviaJuly 23, 2019Updated:July 23, 2019No Comments11 Mins Read
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    Mirabilis Jalapa, commonly known as Four O’clock, Sweet Marvel of Peru, or Printoponite belongs to the Nyctaginaceae family. This species is cultivated for the brilliant color and pleasing odor of its flowers. Due to its simplicity, the breeding behavior of the self-flower colors has furnished classical material for illustrating the simple laws of inheritance. The plant is native to tropical South America but has become naturalized throughout tropical and warm temperate regions. It was cultivated by the Aztecs for medicinal and ornamental purposes. Some common names of the plant are Beauty of the Night, Common Four O’ Clock, False Jalap, Four O’ Clock, Four O’ Clock Flower, Four O’ Clock Plant, Garden Jalap, Jalap Plant, Japanese Wonder Flower, Low Red Shrub, Marvel of Peru, Marvel of the World, Pearl of Egypt, Prairie Four O’ Clock, Pretty-by-Night, Clavillia, maravilla, bonina, gulabbas, gulbank, gulbas, isabelitta, morning rose, nodja, noche buena, numera, pathrachi and sanji phuli.

    Mirabilis Jalapa is the most commonly grown ornamental species available in a range of colors. The name of Mirabilis jalapa given by Carl Von Linne in 1753 is formed from the scientific Latin Mirabilis meaning “admirable” by reference to the remarkable colors of its flowers and the specific name jalapa that would refer to its origin in the Jalapa in Guatemala. But the epithet of Jalapa could also refer to the city of Xalapa (Jalapa) in Mexico from which came a former purgative drug, named jalap, taken from the tubers of the tuberous jalap.

    Flowers usually open from late afternoon or at dusk (namely between 4 and 8 o’clock), giving rise to one of its common name 4 o’clock plant. Flowers then produce a strong, sweet-smelling fragrance throughout the night, and then close for good in the morning. New flowers open the following day. The flowers of the plant have no real petals. The calyx is in the place where the corolla should have been.

    Plant Description

    Marvel of Peru is an erect, bushy, branched, glabrous or slightly pubescent, perennial often grown as an annual plant that grows about 0.5–1 m tall and wide. The plant is found growing in cultivated fields, including cane fields, waste ground, disturbed sites, roadsides, abandoned fields, railways, margins of forests, shrub lands and pastures. Plant thrives in moderately fertile, moist but well-drained, sandy, loamy or chalky soil in full sun. The plant has blackish brown tuberous roots that can be a foot or more long.  Stems are erect, square, thick, much branched, cylindrical, glabrous or slightly pubescent, thickened on nodes.  All four o’clock plant die back to the roots each year.

    Leaves

    Leaves vary in shape, from narrowly linear to oval or heart shaped. Leaves occur opposite on the stems and have a short petiole about 1 to 4 cm long, without stipule. The lamina is fleshy, soft enough, oval, base truncate, rounded or slightly cordate and acute apex from 4 to 12 cm long and 3-8 cm wide. Leaf color ranges from grayish-green to dark green and the leaves have smooth edges. Some leaves are hairy, others are glabrous. The margin is entire, densely ciliated, hairs multicellular. The visible nerves are arched.

    Flowers/Inflorescence

    Flowers of the four o’clock family vary widely in color, from white to yellow, to pink, to magenta. All flowers are funnel-shaped, with 5 lobes and 3 long stamens which either extend out beyond the flower, or coil inside of the flower. Flowers occur in clusters of 1-5, most having 2-4. The corolla consists of five petals united into a long narrow tube flaring widely at the end. It measures 4-5 cm long and 3-4 cm wide.  Each individual flower or cluster of flowers is surrounded by a whorl of bracts termed an involucre. These bracts, which resemble sepals, have apparently evolved from flowers originally found in clusters of three, where only one flower would develop to maturity. Several species in this genus (Mirabilis) have flowers which open during the late afternoon, which is why they have the common name, “Four O’ Clock”. The flowers are short-lived; they bloom at night, diminish the next morning and the corolla falls off very quickly. Flowering normally takes place from July to October.

    Fruit

    Fertile flowers are followed by leathery ribbed, plicate achene, sub globose to ellipsoidal from 6 to 8 mm long, with 5-10 longitudinal ribs, mute between the ribs. The fruits are initially green turning to black when mature.

    Marvel of Peru Image Gallery
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    Different-varieties-of-Marvel-of-Peru Different-varieties-of-Marvel-of-Peru
    Flowering-bud-of-Marvel-of-Peru Flowering-bud-of-Marvel-of-Peru
    Flower-of-Marvel-of-Peru Flower-of-Marvel-of-Peru
    Leaves-of-Marvel-of-Peru Leaves-of-Marvel-of-Peru
    Marvel-of-Peru-plant Marvel-of-Peru-plant
    Marvel-of-Peru-Plant-growing-wild Marvel-of-Peru-Plant-growing-wild
    Mature-Fruit-of-Marvel-of-Peru Mature-Fruit-of-Marvel-of-Peru
    Plant-illustration-of-Marvel-of-Peru Plant-illustration-of-Marvel-of-Peru
    Root-of-Marvel-of-Peru Root-of-Marvel-of-Peru
    Sketch-of-Marvel-of-Peru Sketch-of-Marvel-of-Peru
    Small-Saplings-of-Marvel-of-Peru Small-Saplings-of-Marvel-of-Peru
    Medicinal uses of Marvel of Peru

    Mirabilis Jalapa is grown in several parts of the world for the range of medicinal benefits it possesses. Some of the common medicinal uses of the herb include:

    1. Curing Inflammation

    One of the prominent medicinal uses of Mirabilis is in the treatment of inflammations. Leaves of the herb have got remarkable anti-inflammatory properties that make it very powerful against various kinds of skin inflammations. It is also due to this characteristic of the herb that it is used in the treatment of swellings.

    2. Treatment of Wounds

    Another medicinal use of Mirabilis Jalapa is in the treatment of wounds. Parts of the plant not only help in speeding up the healing process but also relieve pain.

    3. Aphrodisiac

    Libido enhancement is among the herb’s oldest and most popular uses. Given its aphrodisiac properties, Mirabilis Jalapa considerably raises the libido of a user. It is thus used as a treatment for people with low sex drive.

    4. Diuretic and Purgative Uses

    Studies indicate that Mirabilis possesses diuretic properties. This makes it an ideal substance for promoting diuresis which may be used in the treatment of several conditions that result from unhealthy production of urine. It also possesses laxative properties and has been used to boost healthy bowel movements in users. Among the conditions that the herb is used to treat due to its diuretic properties is dropsy.

    Traditional uses and benefits of Marvel of Peru

    • Root is aphrodisiac, diuretic and purgative and used in the treatment of dropsy.
    • Tuberous root is a mild purgative and the fresh juice of the leaves is applied to the body to dispel heat and itching arising from dyspepsia.
    • Paste of the root is applied as a poultice to treat scabies and muscular swellings in Nepal.
    • Root juice is used in the treatment of diarrhea, indigestion and fevers.
    • Powdered root, baked with corn flour, is used for the treatment of menstrual disorders.
    • Leaves are considered diuretic; an infusion of the leaves is prescribed as a diuretic for dropsy and used to reduce inflammation.
    • Leaf decoction is used to treat abscesses and leaf juice is used to treat wounds.
    • Crushed leaves are used in India and Java for poulticing boils and abscesses and juice used for uterine discharges.
    • Leaf juice is recommended internally in a mixture for gonorrhea in the Medical Book of Malayan Medicine.
    • Tubers are used as a purgative in Europe, and in western India.
    • Dried root is given with milk as a strengthening medicine.
    • Pounded seeds are used in Peninsular Malaysia and elsewhere by Chinese and Japanese women for making cosmetic powder and are believed to remove acne.
    • Powdered root is used with rice powder and sandalwood for the same purpose by Spanish women in Ternate and the juice of white flowers applied on the face when going out in the sun.
    • The Malays use the plant to treat influenza, fever and inflammation, and the Chinese used it for Diabetes.
    • Seed powder is used to treat infections in Thailand.
    • Indigenous people of Mexico use Mirabilis Jalapa to cure many illnesses including dysentery, diarrhea, muscular pain and abdominal colic.
    • Mirabilis Jalapa leaf infusions or decoction are used as traditional folk medicine in the south of Brazil to treat inflammatory and painful diseases.
    • Mirabilis jalapa is extensively used for treatment of dysentery and vaginal discharge and as a laxative by Mexican people  and for treatment of diarrhea, muscular pain and abdominal colic by people in the Easter Island, Guatemala and Brazil
    • Kayapo Indians inhale the powdered dried flowers as a snuff for headaches in Brazil.
    • The Assurani Indians grate the tuberous seeds and drink it for intestinal parasites.
    • Indigenous Peruvian people use a root decoction as a diuretic.
    • The Shipibo–Conibo Indians put the flowers in baths to treat colds and flu.
    • Plant is used for mumps and bone fractures and as a uterine stimulant to hasten childbirth in United States.
    • Roots of Mirabilis Jalapa are used traditionally in allergic skin disorders and asthma.
    • Jalapa was one of many plants used for the treatment of gonorrhea in Guatemala.
    • In Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo, powder of the seeds is used for conjunctivitis.
    • Juice of the flower and scrapings of banana stem is used for cataracts in animals.
    • In Madagascar, washed root or root powder decoction is used with sugar in chicken soup as a purgative.
    • Root pulp diluted in palm oil is used as local topical application for local application swellings in Popular Republic of Congo.
    • Whole ripe fruit is dried, powdered and used locally for wounds in Burundi.
    • Powdered dried roots are used to treat female sterility in Benin.
    • Leaves are used as a magical charm in a sauce with belly of beef, fruits of Piper guineense and palm oil.
    • Decoction of the five parts mixed with sugar and reduced to one-third the starting volume given for urinary infections and bladder stones.
    • Leaves are also used to treat bumps and sores.
    • Juice is applied to rashes to relieve itching.
    • Leaves crushed with cold water are used as a poultice for broken and fractured bones, dislocations, and knotted muscles.
    • Tuber is used in medicines for impotence.
    • Powdered tuber, dried ginger, pepper, and peik-chin fruit are mixed with honey and licked for gonorrhea.
    • In Brazilian herbal medicine, a paste is made of the leaf and flower and applied to affections of the skin such as itchiness, eczema, herpes, skin spots, and skin infections.
    • Juice of the root is dropped into the ear for earaches.
    • Brazilians also use the root to combat worms, intestinal parasites, leucorrhoea, edema, diarrhea, dysentery, abdominal colic, syphilis, and liver affections.
    • Its consumption is an effective remedy for abnormal vaginal discharge and infections, as well as sexually transmitted diseases.
    • Juice extracted from the flowers of the plant can be used as a topical treatment to clear herpes lesions.
    • In some places, the plant has also been used to treat bone fractures.

    Worldwide Ethno-medical Uses

    Marvel of Peru Quick Facts
    Name: Marvel of Peru
    Scientific Name: Mirabilis jalapa
    Origin Tropical south America but has become naturalized throughout tropical and warm temperate regions
    Colors Green when young turning to black when mature
    Shapes Leathery ribbed, plicate, black, globose or ovoid achene, 5–9 mm across with white mealy endosperm
    Health benefits Cure Inflammation, Treats Wounds, gonorrhea, dysentery, diarrhea, muscular pain, abdominal colic, itching, skin infections,liver affections, Diabetes, colds and flu
    Country Uses
    Brazil For candida, chagas disease, colic, constipation, contusions, diarrhea, dysentery, earache, edema, eczema, freckles, herpes, hives, itch, intestinal parasites, liver problems, pain, skin problems, skin infections, syphilis, vaginal discharge, urinary insufficiency, wounds, worms
    Cuba For herpes, intestinal parasites
    Guatemala For abscesses, aches, boils, bruises, conjunctivitis, dermatitis, fungal infections, gonorrhea, inflammation, mucosal lesions, ringworm, scrofula, skin problems, sores, ulcers (skin), vaginal discharge, vaginitis, wounds
    India For conjunctivitis, edema, fungal infections, inflammation, pain, swellings
    Mexico For bee stings, dysentery, scorpion stings, vaginal discharge, wounds
    Peru For constipation, dermatitis, earaches, herpes, urinary insufficiency
    USA For abortions, bone fractures, childbirth, mumps
    Elsewhere For abscesses, arthritis, boils, bowel cleansing, burns, bruises, colic, constipation, diabetes, digestion stimulation, dropsy, dyspepsia, fungal infections, gonorrhea, hepatitis, herpes, hypochondria, intestinal gas, intestinal parasites, libido stimulation, liver problems, menstrual irregularities, muscle pains, piles, pimples, sores, splenitis, strains, syphilis, thrush, tonic, tumors, urinary insufficiency, urogenital inflammation, urticaria, wounds

     

    Culinary Uses

    • Tender young leaves are cooked as a vegetable.
    • An edible crimson dye is obtained from the flowers and is used for coloring cakes and jellies.
    • Seed is crushed and used as a pepper substitute.
    • It is an emergency food, only eaten when all else fails.

    Other facts

    • This species is used as a medicinal herb and as an ornamental in pots or in the ground.
    • Mirabilis Jalapa flower extract was found to have use as a natural indicator in different types of acid–base titrations.
    • This natural indicator was found to be very useful, economical, simple and accurate.
    • Powdered seed is used as a cosmetic.
    • It is also used for cosmetic powder, beads, for magical charms, and as a source of crimson dye.
    • In India, the leaves are mixed with crushed garlic and given to hens, with the belief that they will yield more eggs.
    • It is used widely as an ornamental plant due to the appearance of its flowers.
    • The plant can also be used to remediate the condition of soils polluted with heavy metals like cadmium.
    • In warm regions, the roots can weigh up to 18 kg or more.

    Precautions

    • Seeds and the roots are reported to cause digestive disturbances.
    • Seeds have neuro-toxic chemicals. This has a poisoning effect on the body and should not be ingested at any cost.
    • The plant has a uterine stimulant action and therefore it is better to avoid its consumption during pregnancy.

    References:

    https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=19648#null

    https://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/92/

    http://www.hear.org/pier/species/mirabilis_jalapa.htm

    https://pfaf.org/user/Plant.aspx?LatinName=Mirabilis+jalapa

    https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/34254

    http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/PlantFinder/PlantFinderDetails.aspx?kempercode=a595

    http://www.floracatalana.net/mirabilis-jalapa-l-

    https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=MIJA

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirabilis_jalapa

    https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxonomydetail.aspx?24469

    https://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/eafrinet/weeds/key/weeds/Media/Html/Mirabilis_jalapa_(Four_oclock).htm

    http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl1.1/record/kew-2502156

    https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/MIBJA

    https://extension.usu.edu/rangeplants/forbsherbaceous/four-oclock

    https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/266323

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    Marvel of Peru Facts

    Name Marvel of Peru
    Scientific Name Mirabilis jalapa
    Native Tropical south America but has become naturalized throughout tropical and warm temperate regions
    Common Names Beauty of the Night, Common Four O’ Clock, False Jalap, Four O’ Clock, Four O’ Clock Flower, Four O’ Clock Plant, Garden Jalap, Jalap Plant, Japanese Wonder Flower, Low Red Shrub, Marvel of Peru, Marvel of the World, Pearl of Egypt, Prairie Four O’ Clock, Pretty-by-Night, Clavillia, maravilla, bonina, gulabbas, gulbank, gulbas, isabelitta, morning rose, nodja, noche buena, numera, pathrachi, sanji phuli
    Name in Other Languages Afrikaans : Vieruurtjie
    Albania: Luleakshami
    American Samoa: Peteli
    Arabic : Zahr-Ul-Ajl, Sheb al-leil, shba allayl  (شب الليل)
    Armenian: Gisheratsin  (գիշերածին)
    Assamese: ‘Godhuli Gopal (গধূলিগোপাল)
    Austral: Tinapi piro
    Australia: Common four-­o’clock
    Bahamas: Morning rose
    Basque: Gau-lore
    Bengali: Sandhyamaloti, Sandhya Malati (সন্ধ্যামালতী)
    Benin : Azehonzo, Azehonzo
    Brazil : Boa-Noite, Bonina, Clavillia, Maravilha, munuminha
    Bulgarian: Vechernitsa  (вечерница)
    Burmese: Many juu paann pain (မဉ္ဇူပန်းပင်)
    Burundi : Karifomo
    Catalan:  Flor de nit, mirabajà, ella de nit, Flor de panamà, Meravella de nit, Santjoans
    Chamorro : Maravilla
    Chinese : Xǐzǎo Huā, Zhǔfàn Huā, Yan Zhi Hua, Fen Dou Hua, Ye Fan Hua, Zhuang Yuan Hua, Ding Xiang Ye, Ku Ding Xiang, Zi Mo Li (紫茉莉)
    Chuukese : Apetin Woun, Kulok Elu, Pilooris, Pilores
    Congo: Bende
    Congo Democratic Republic: Kalofomo
    Cook Islands : Tiare Moe, ‘Ura‘Ura, tiare numero
    Croatia: Nocurak
    Cuba: Suspiros
    Czech : Nocenka Jalapovitá, Nocenka Zahradní
    Danish : Vidunderblomst
    Democratic Republic Of Congo : Kalofomo
    Denmark: Vidunderblomst
    Dominican Republic: Jalape, jasmine, jazmín
    Dutch: Nachtschone, wonderbloem
    English: Marvel of Peru, Beauty-of-the-night, Common four o’clock, False jalap, Four-o’clock, Marvel-of-Peru, Four o’ Clock flower, beauty-of-the-night, low red shrub, garden four o’clock, prairie four-o’clock, prairie four-o’clock
    Estonian : Lõhnatu Imelill
    Esperanto : Niktago
    Ethiopia: Ababa diimaa
    Fijian : Lalawavu, Lali Vau, Laweivou, Ronggolali, Vakarau Ni Lali
    Finland: Ihmekukka
    Finnish : Ihmekukka, mökinihmekukka
    French : Belle-De-Nuit, Merveille du Pérou
    French Guiana: Herbe de quatre heures, nyctage faux jalap
    French Polynesia: Numera, tinapi piro
    Georgian: Gulisaba  (გულისაბა)
    German : Wunderblume, Gewöhnliche Wunderblume, Gemeine, Vieruhrblume, falsche Jalapa, Vieruhrblume
    Greece: Deilino
    Haitian: Zèb katre, belle de nuit blanche, belle de nuit rose
    Hawaiian : Nani Ahiahi, Pua Ahiahi, Puahiahi
    Hindi: Gule-Aabbas (गुल अब्बास),  akashmuri, andhi mandarai, anthimalari, antimantaram, chandrakantha, chandramalli, godhuli gopal, goolabbas, gul abbas, gulabaas, gulabas, gulamaji, gulbakshi, indraganti, krishnakeli, krustna keli, meremdi, mukak lei, naalku ghanta hoo, naalu mani poovu, rangini, saayankaale, sandhya malati, sanje mallige, sham di sohnap
    Hungarian: Nagy csodatölcsér
    I-Kiribati : Marvel Of Te Aoaua, Te Aoaaua, Te Aoaua, Te Aoua, Te Auaua, Te Awaaua, Te Awaava, Te Awaawa
    Indonesian: Bunga pukul empat
    Iran: laleh abbasi, sandhya moni
    Israel: Lilanit rav-gonit
    Italian : Bella Di Notte, Bella-Di-Notte Comune, maravilla de Indias
    Japanese : Oshiroi-Bana ( オシロイバナ), yûgesho (ユウガショウ)
    Javanese: Kembang mekar sore
    Kannada: Chandra Mallige, San̄je mallige  (ಸಂಜೆ ಮಲ್ಲಿಗೆ), Chandra-Mallige, Chandramallige, Gulabaasa, Gulamaji, Gullu munchi, Kalluli, Madhyaana Mallige, Madhyahna Mallige, Madhyanha Malligay, Madhyanhamallige, Naalku Gante Hoo, Naalku Gante Hoovu, Naalku Ghante Hoo, Sanja-Mallige, Sanjamallige, Sanje Amllige, Sanjimallige, Vibhoothi Gida
    Konkani: Akashmuri, Meremdi
    Korean : Punkkot
    Madagascar : Belakariva, Folera, Voampolera, Belakariva, sakalawa
    Maithili: Sanjhaa Phool
    Malayalam: Andi-Malleri, Anthimalari, Anti-Malari, Anti- Mantaram, Antimalari, Antimantaram, Naalumani Poovu, nālumaṇicceṭi (നാലുമണിച്ചെടി)
    Malaysia : Bunga Pukul Empat, Bunga Pecah Empat , Bunga Wakyu Kecil, Kembang Dzohor, Kembang Lohor, Kembang Pukul Empat, Seroja
    Malta: Bajtar, hummerjr, tax-Xewk
    Maori (Cook Islands): Ura‘ura, tiare moe
    Marathi: Emdraks, Gulabakshi, Gulbaashi (गुलबक्षी), Gulbas, Meremdi, Saayankaali
    Marshallese : Eman Aur, Eman Awa, Emân Awa, Emãn-Awa, Emen Auö, Emen Aur
    Mexico: Aretito, arrebolera, linda tarde, tlalquilín, tsutsuy-xiu, tzujoyó
    Micronesia, Federated states of: Apetin woun,  gaelun, kulok elu, pesikulck, pilooris, pilores, pohk kiloak,  pwohrkuloak
    Mokilese : Pohk Kiloak
    Namibia: Vieruurtjie
    Nauruan : Teoua, Teowa
    Nepal : Lvāṅakasānī  (ल्वाङकसानी)

    • Gurung: Maritidhs, Nakajali
    • Nepali: Lankaphul, Lankasoni, Malati
    • Tamang: Labujana, Langasani
    • Tharu: Barka Gurubands

    Netherlands: Nachtschone, wonderbloem
    Norway: Mirakelblom
    Oriya: Rangami
    Pakistan : Gul Abas, gul adnan, gul-e-abbas
    Persian : Gule-Aabbas, Guli-Aabbas, لاله عباسی
    Peru : Jalapa, Maravilla
    Philippines : A Las Cuatro, Maravillas, Oracion, Suspiros, Talang, Gilala
    Pingelapan : Pesikulck
    Pitcairn Island: Low red shrub
    Pohnpeian : Pwohrkuloak
    Polish : Dziwaczek Jalapa, Dziwaczek Pospolity, Dziwaczek Peruwiański
    Popular Republic Of Congo : Bende
    Portuguese : Jalapa Verdadeira, Bonina, Maravilha, Munuminha, Jalapa, Belas-noites, jalapa-bastarda, maravilhas-do-Peru, arrebique, boas-noites, boninas, erva triste, jalapa bastarda menor, jalapa menor, jalapa-falsa, maravilla do Perú, siciliana, suspiros
    Punjabi: Sham di sohnap
    Rakahanga–Manihiki : Tiare Nūmero
    Romanian: Noptița, barba împăaratului, barba imparatului
    Russian:Nochnaya krasavitsa (Ночная красавица), mirabilis slabitel’naya  (мирабилис слабительная), mirabilis yalapa (мирабилис ялапа)
    Samoan : Peteli
    Sanskrit: Krishnakeli, Krisnakeli, Sandhya-Raga, Sandhyakali
    Satawalese : Flores
    Serbian: Ноћурак
    Sinhalese: Hendirikkā (හෙන්දිරික්කා)
    Slovak: Nocovka jalapovitá
    Slovašcina : Navadna Nočna Lepotica, Sorta
    Slovenia: Nocna frajlica
    South Africa: Vieruurtiie
    Spanish : Arrebolera, Clavellina, Buenas Tardes, Dondiego, Dondiego De Noche, Hoja De Xalapa, Jalapa Falsa, Maravilla, Maravilla Del Perú, Mechoacán Negro, Pasana, Pericón, San
    Pedro, Buenas tardes, Donpedros, Periquitos, bella de nit, Bella de noche, boas-noites, Diego, Diego de nits, Don Diego, Don Pedro, Don Pedro de llamas, Don Pedro desmayado, Don Pedro enamorado, Don Pedro pintado, Don Pedro remendado, Don Pedro salpicado, flor de nit, galán de noche, gau-lore, gau-lorea, jazmines de méjico, llampedro, maravilla de noche, meravella de nit, mirabajá, pepicos, pericones, santjoans, trompetilla, tumba vaquero
    Swedish : Underblomma
    Sri Lanka : Hendirikka, Sendirika
    Suriname: Fojoeroe-bromke, nachtschone, vierruursbloem
    Tajik: Guli şomu sahar  (Гули шому саҳар)
    Tamil: Ammukkili, Andimalli, Andimalligai, Andimandarai, Annmalarntan, Anthi-Mallikai, Anthi Mandhaarai, Anti, Antimalakikacceti, Antimalarakikam, Antimalarantan, Antimalari, Antimallai, Antimalli, Antimallikai, Antimantarai (அந்திமந்தாரை), Antimantaram, Antinarulu, Antippu, Arukolacceti, Arukolam, Bhathrakshi, Cannata Vali, Cannatavali, Cantira Mallikai, Cantiramallikai, Civappuantimalli, Kanankacikam, Kenta, Malai Antimalli, Malaiantimalligaicceti, Malaiyantimalli, Malaiyantimallikaicceti, Paruvaikkantam, Paruvatikantam, Patrashi, Pattarachi, Pattaracu, Pattarashu, Pattiraksi, Pattiratcam, Pattiratci, Ripuncakacceti, Ripuncakaceti, Ripuncakam, Taimilamuli, Taittilamuli, Taittilamulicceti, Tivacattiyacceti, Tivacattiyam, Tivacttiyaceti, Tumpara Mallikai, Tumparamallikai
    Telegu: Candrakānta puṣpaṁ  (చంద్రకాంత పుష్పం), Badrakshi, Batharachi, Bhadraakshi, Bhadrakshi, Bhandrakanta, Chandra-Kanta, Chandra-Kantha, Chandra-Mali, Chandrakaantha, Chandrakanta, Chandramalle, Chandramalli
    Indonesia : Kupa Oras, Noja, Kederat, Segerat, Segerat Tegerat,
    Kembang Pagi Sore, Kembang Pukul Empat, Bunga Waktu Kechil, Bunga-Bunga Paranggi, Pukul Ampa, Bungga Ledonosko, Cako Rana, Loro Laka
    Thai : Baan Yen (บานเย็น), Dtôn Baan Yen, Dtôn Jan Yam, Dtôn Jam Yam, Dtôn Dtaam Yam, Dtôn-Dtee-Dtâa-Châo
    Tongan : Matala Po‘Uli, maravillas de Indias
    Tuamotuan : Numera
    Turkish : Akşam Sefası
    Tuvaluan : Petel, Peteli
    UK: garden jalap, jalap plant, japanese wonder flower, marvel of the world, pearl of Egypt,  pretty-by-night
    Ukrainian: Mirabilis yalapa (мірабіліс ялапа)
    Ulithian : Gaelun
    Urdu: گل سہ پہری
    Vietnamese : Hoa Phấn, Bông Phấn, Sâm Ớt

    Plant Growth Habit Erect, bushy, branched, glabrous or slightly pubescent, perennial often grown as an annual
    Growing Climates Cultivated fields, including cane fields, waste ground, disturbed sites, roadsides, abandoned fields and railways, margins of forests, shrub lands and pastures
    Soil Thrives in moderately fertile, moist but well-drained, sandy, loamy or chalky soil in full sun
    Plant Size 0.5–1 m high and wide
    Root 0.5–1 m high and wide
    Stem Erect, square, thick, much branched, cylindrical, glabrous or slightly pubescent, thickened on nodes
    Leaf Opposite, ovate or ovate–deltoid, 3–15 by 2–9 cm, base truncate or cordate, margin entire, apex acuminate and borne on 1–4 cm petioles
    Pollination By long-tongued moths
    Flowering season July to October
    Inflorescence Contracted cyme from 1 to several flowers clustered in an involucre of bracts at the ends of branches
    Flower Flowers regular, bisexual and sweetly fragrant, usually several (3–5)
    clustered at apex of branches and on 1–2 mm pedicels. Involucre campanulate, about 1 cm, 5-lobed, lobes triangular–ovate, acuminate, glabrous, persistent. Perianth purple, red, pink, yellow, white or variegated; five-lobed, fused into a tube 2–6 cm long, constricted above ovary; limb 2.5–3 cm in diameter, spreading and deciduous
    Fruit Shape & Size Leathery ribbed, plicate, black, globose or ovoid achene, 5–9 mm across with white mealy endosperm
    Fruit Color Green when young turning to black when mature
    Propagation By seeds and from division of tubers
    Plant Parts Used Root tubers, leaves, flowers, and seeds
    Season August to October

    Marvel of Peru Scientific Classification

    Scientific Name: Mirabilis jalapa

    Rank Scientific Name & (Common Name)
    Kingdom Plantae (Plants)
    Subkingdom Tracheobionta (Vascular plants)
    Infrakingdom Streptophyta  (land plants)
    Superdivision Spermatophyta (Seed plants)
    Division Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants)
    Subdivision Spermatophytina  (spermatophytes, seed plants, phanérogames)
    Class Magnoliopsida (Dicotyledons)
    Subclass Caryophyllidae
    Superorder Caryophyllanae
    Order Caryophyllales
    Family Nyctaginaceae (Four o’clock family)
    Genus Mirabilis L. (four o’clock)
    Species Mirabilis jalapa L. (marvel of Peru)
    Synonyms
    • Jalapa congesta Moench
    • Jalapa dichotoma (L.) Crantz
    • Jalapa officinalis Crantz
    • Jalapa officinalis Garsault
    • Jalapa officinarum Martyn
    • Jalapa undulata Moench
    • Mirabilis ambigua Trautv.
    • Mirabilis dichotoma Gater.
    • Mirabilis dichotoma L.
    • Mirabilis jalapa f. odorata (L.) Heimerl, 1896
    • Mirabilis jalapa subsp. lindheimeri Standl.
    • Mirabilis jalapa var. jalapa L.
    • Mirabilis jalapa var. lindheimeri (Standl.) Cory
    • Mirabilis jalapa var. odorata (L.) Heimerl
    • Mirabilis jalapa var. procera (Bertol.) Choisy
    • Mirabilis laevis Brandeg.
    • Mirabilis lindheimeri (Standl.) Shinners
    • Mirabilis longiflora Blanco
    • Mirabilis odorata L.
    • Mirabilis parviflora Targ.-Tozz.
    • Mirabilis parviflora Targ.-Tozz. ex Steud.
    • Mirabilis pedunculata Stokes
    • Mirabilis planiflora Trautv.
    • Mirabilis procera Bertol.
    • Mirabilis pubescens Zipp.
    • Mirabilis pubescens Zipp. ex Span.
    • Mirabilis suaveolens Billb.
    • Mirabilis suaveolens Billb. ex Beurl.
    • Mirabilis undulata (Moench) Steud.
    • Mirabilis xalapa Noronha
    • Nyctago dichotoma (L.) Dum.Cours.
    • Nyctago dichotoma (L.) Juss.
    • Nyctago dichotoma (L.) Juss. ex Roem. & Schult.
    • Nyctago hortensis Dum.Cours.
    • Nyctago hortensis Juss.
    • Nyctago hortensis Juss. ex Roem. & Schult.
    • Nyctago jalapa (L.) DC., 1805
    • Nyctago jalapae (L.) DC.
    • Nyctago mirabilis St.Hil.
    • Nyctago versicolor Salisb.
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