Oat oil is extracted from the kernels of oat by involving a tender process that helps to retain all the essential components. It is a natural skin emollient. It has high content of antioxidants, essential fatty acids and phospholipids. The research shows that oat oil has vitamin E and lipids which helps to soften the skin, hydrates and protects skin. The oil has natural emulsifiers which are used to form lotions and creams. The oil is a clear liquid producing mild natural odor. It is used in cosmetics, skin and hair products. History Along with historical use and modern research,…

Camel milk is the milk secreted by female camels during lactation to feed their young. Since the camel domestication, this milk has helped nomad, Bedouin and pastoral cultures. When Herders take camels for long distances in arid environments and desert, they survive only on milk. The milk of camel is usually found in Somalia, UAE, Saudi Arabia, United States and Mauritania. It has high content of protein with protective and antimicrobial properties which is available in minor amounts in cow’s milk. In various countries, it is provided to the babies experiencing malnutrition. It also has high content of linoleic acid…

The pale liquid which is produced by the mammary glands of cow is called cow’s milk. It is well known to the world. Cow produces milk when she delivers a calf. The pregnancy lasts for about nine months. Milk is considered as a complete food which is loaded with necessary nutrients, calcium that supports of maintenance and development of human body. It has glossy, creamy and thick texture. No preservative or artificial coloring is added to cow’s milk. Unlike buffalo’s milk, it is pale creamish with yellow tinge. Cow’s milk is a great source, calcium, potassium, Vitamin D and proteins.…

People remain quite confused to choose between butter and margarine. There is a lot of controversy on which one is better. Both margarine and butter are used as bread spread. It is used for baking as well as cooking and also added to other meals and soups. The solid dairy product which is made with milk or churning cream in order to isolate solid elements from liquid is known to be butter. It becomes solid at room temperature. It comprises of milk proteins, butterfat, water and some added salt. Besides cow’s milk, it could be made from the milk of…

The resin like material which is obtained from the buds of cone bearing or poplar trees is called Propolis. It is comprised of bee products as it is acquired from beehives. Bees use it to stick open spaces or small gaps in the hive. The color varies from dark brown, green, red, white to black. It consists of above 300 natural compounds likely polyphenols, sequiterpene-quinones, phenolic aldehydes, coumarins, steroids, amino acids, and inorganic compounds. Being a natural remedy for a long period of time, medicinally it is used as a treatment for canker sores, infections; enhance immunity power, gastrointestinal problems…

Zumba is the dance fitness program which helps to burn calories with easy and effective movements. It is an advanced traditional cardio workout which makes the people active. It was formed by the Colombian dancer named Alberto “Beto” Perez in 1990s. It includes aerobic movements and dance which is performed to energetic music. Choreography includes soca, hip-hop, salsa, samba, mambo, lunges, squats and merengue. Zumba classes runs for one hour long which is instructed by the licensed instructors of Zumba Fitness LLC. There are six different types of Zumba which includes Zumba Gold, Zumbatomic, Aqua Zumba, Zumba Toning, Zumba in the Circuit and…

The herb or spice which is blended with sesame seeds, thyme and sumac is called Za’atar. It is widely used as a seasoning in Iraq, Lebanon, Morocco, Syria, Armenia, Jordan, Libya, Palestinian territories and Turkey. It has unique and aromatic flavor. It possess herbal flavor with woodsy and deep nutty accent. It is also called Zahtar, Thyme, Persian za’atar, za’atar rumi, za’atar franji, zaatar, zatar, za’tar, zattr, zatr, zaktar, zahatar, satar, Donkey Hyssop and Desert Hyssop. It is used to enhance the flavor of vegetables, meats and is also combined olive oil. Red za’atar is prepared with savory, dried thyme,…

Sheep’s milk also known as ewe’s milk is the milk that has been extracted from the mammary glands of domestic sheep. It is also used for making dairy products. Female sheep is known as ewes that does not continually produce milk. It provides milk for 80 to 100 days after lambs weaning. It breeds in the fall and lambs are born on early spring or early winter. This milk has high content of fat as well as conjugated linoleic acid in comparison to other milks. It is also rich in lactose content. Due to its high content of protein, it…

Goose is the common name for the species in the waterfowl family Anatidae, which includes duck and swans. Goose is not considered as ducks. The tribe Anersini consists of genera Branta (the black geese), Anser (the grey geese) and Chen (the white geese). It is mostly found in Asia, North America and Europe. The word geese are used for the female and males are referred as gander. The young or baby geese are known as goslings whereas the group of geese is known as gaggle. Skein or wedge is called the geese flying in a formation. Males are bigger in…

The traditional Indian folk cure which promote the oral hygiene and eliminates toxins from the body. The process includes swishing of oil in the mouth for eliminating bacteria that could turn into a plaque and makes the teeth appear yellow. Any oil could be used to perform oil pulling. Most of the people prefer coconut oil due to its various properties and furthermore health benefits. Coconut oil has lauric acid that helps to lower inflammation and wipe out bacteria. Oil pulling is done by putting a tablespoon of oil which might be olive oil, sesame oil or coconut oil and…

Monosodium glutamate is also known as MSG, Sodium glutamate, Agi-no-moto, E621, Ve-tsin, Monosodium L-glutamate, Yeast extract and Mono sodium glutamate. It is used as food additive which is used in processed foods commercially. It is used as a flavor enhancer. It resembles the taste of umami. Naturally it is found in cheese, tomatoes as well as other foods. It is used to enhance flavor of blends, balances and rounds perception of other tastes. It is an excitotoxin which damages the cells, brain and worsen the disabilities of learning. The intake of Monosodium glutamate is associated with weight gain as well…

Rice bran oil, also known as Gamma oryzanol, rice bran protein, rice bran wax, gammariza or gamma oryzanol, is a vegetable oil having mild taste derived from the hard outer brown layer or interior husk of rice. The oil is available with piquant nutty, mild flavor and insignificant aroma. It is often used in Japanese, Bangladesh, Chinese and Indian cuisines. Rice bran oil has high smoke point due to which it is used for stir frying or deep frying purposes. This oil is comprised of 37% polyunsaturated, 38% monounsaturated and 25% saturated fatty acids. It is reddish yellow in color.…

The syrup which is prepared from the sap of maple trees such as sugar maple, black maple or red maple trees. The starch is stored by the trees in the roots and trunks during cold climate which is converted into sugar and is rised in early spring or late winter. The trees are tapped from one to three which should be done by considering diameter of the tree. The hole made for tapping does not make any permanent damage to the tree. The sap is then collected and processed in order to evaporate water. Sap consists of sugar and water.…

It is one of the well-known sweeteners which have become a favorite for centuries. It is in the form of crystallized sucrose (a combination of fructose and glucose) which is extracted from sugar beets or sugarcane. When the moisture declines, the juice has natural sucrose that starts to crystallize. It attracts moisture being hydroscopic. The baked goods have sugar which helps to maintain moisture and makes them supple as well as soft. White sugar is also known as refined sugar. It has no calories and also lack in minerals and nutrients. History In the 18th century, sugar became luxury and…

Pectin is the substance which occurs naturally in the apples, berries and other fruits. It was introduced in 1825 by Henri Braconnot. Commercially, it is produced as white to light brown powder that is extracted from citrus fruits. It is used as gelling agent in foods especially jams and jellies. It is also added to sweets, medicines, dessert fillings and fruit drinks. It is the water soluble carbohydrate which is available on the intercellular tissues and cell walls of certain plants. It helps to lower the low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. It helps to provide relief from diarrhea and slow…

Jam is the jelled puree which is made with the flesh and juice of both vegetable and fruit. Along with sugar and water it is heated which helps to activate pectin. It is also made with the combination of various fruits such as peaches and plums. As it has no free liquid, it is easy to spread. The fruits such as blueberries, apricots, peaches, cherries, raspberries, pineapple, strawberries and rhubarb should be mixed with the high pectin fruits to set or gel. It is also known as conserves. History It has a very long history. Culinary matters of cookbook of 1st…

The milky white secretion which is produced from the glands of worker honeybees by promoting growth and queen bee development is royal jelly. It is the most important food for honeybee queen. The larvae of worker bees are fed this royal jelly for the first three days of its lives but the queen bees are fed this royal jelly for the extended period or throughout their lives. Royal jelly is fed to the selected larvae in constructed queen cells when the worker bees decide to form a new queen as the old is getting weak. Royal jelly could turn the…

French fries is an elongated pieces of potato which have been deep fried. It is soft or crispy which is served hot either as a snack, dinner or lunch. It could be found in any place on the menus. It is mostly paired with ketchup or used as toppings or condiments such as mayonnaise, vinegar and others. It could be served as a topping for chili cheese fries or poutine dishes. Besides potatoes, sweet potatoes could also be used for making French fries. The potatoes are cut into thin slices which is then put in the boiling fat and fried…

Red wine is a wine whose color can be intense violet, brick red or brown colored. It is produced by the fermentation of dark colored grape (black) with skin so that the color of the wine is maintained. The production process includes the color extraction as well as the flavor components of the grapes skin. Shiraz, Cabernet sauvignon, Merlot, Zinfandel and Pinot noir are the common varieties of red wine. It contains the alcohol content from 12 to 15 percent. Red wine is considered as the healthiest alcohol due to the production and fermentation process. It contains high content of…

European Whitefish or Common Whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) is the freshwater species of whitefish that is native to Swiss French border. Other vernacular names used for this fish includes Bratfisch, Breitfisch, Kaiserfisch, Knöpfling, Maräne, Meermaraene, Ostseeschnäpel, Peipusmaraene, Rindling, Sandgangfisch, Sig, Chudski sig, Lavereto, Lavarello, Coregone and others. It belongs to the subfamily Coregoninae and family Salmonidae. It has short snout which is tapered. Their coloration is typically from bluish green to brownish with dark grey and white fins. European whitefish reach a weight of 2 kg (4.4 lb) measuring the body above 55 cm (22 inches) long. It feeds on crustaceans,…

Green Turtle (Chelonia mydas) are a genus of sea turtle comprising the species of Chelonia mydas and family Cheloniidae. It is native to tropical and subtropical oceans in the world. It is also found in Caribbean Sea and Mediterranean. It also ranges in Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Adult Green Sea turtle grow to a length. They have the weight of 68-190 kg (150-419 lb). They are herbivorous and feed on sea grasses and algae. The young ones consume fish eggs, jellyfish, mollusks, small invertebrates, worms, algae, sponges and crustaceans. It consists of large and paddles like flippers. It is…

Buccinum undatum is a sea snail found on the coastal areas of Northern Atlantic Ocean and Eastern coast as well as western coast. It survives on the cold water containing 2 to 3 percent of salt content. The whelk is 11 centimeters long. The sexes are separate. The breeding takes place from October to May. Reproduction exists by internal fertilization which promotes the production of egg capsules for the protection of eggs. The egg is laid in whole capsule packets. The whelk has the life expectancy of 10 to 15 years. They are carnivores which feed on worms, mussels, crustaceans and…

Octopus dofleini (genus Enteroctopus) are the octopus species which are found in rocky areas, kelp forests and caves in the Pacific Ocean. It could be identified reddish brown or dark red skin. They have eight arms of 6 feet with each arm having 280 suckers. The center of the arms consists of beak and radula which is a toothed tongue. The body is compressible and 9.6 m in radius. It is cool-blooded or poikilothermic having three hearts and blue blood. Mantle is spherical that consists of major organs of this animal. Octopus is able to change the skin’s color by…

Scallop is the common name of salt water molluscs that are found on rocks, rubble, coral, sea grass, sand, kelp and mud. It belongs to the family Pectinidae which consists of 50 genera and 400 species ranging from intertidal zone to ocean depths. It is consumed by humans by adding it to various recipes. It have ovate or fan like shells which are flat, smooth and sculptured with radial ribs. With the use of valve they can swim away from predators. These are hermaphrodites. It has abundant eyes at the end of mantles. It have two valves which shape from…

The Seawolf, Ocean catfish, Atlantic catfish, Wolf eel, Devil fish, Woof, Sea cat, Wolf-fish, Cat-fish, Atlantic wolfish (Anarhichas lupus) is the perciform fish of the family Anarhichadidae. It is found in sand or mud bottoms and 40 to 200 m deep. It is native to Northern Atlantic as well as Pacific Oceans. The body of Wolffish is elongated, subcylindrical, compressed, smooth, slippery measuring 1.5 meters (5 ft.) long. Normally it weighs about 18 kg (40 lb). The skin’s color varies from purplish to brown, olive green and blueish gray. It breeds during December to March. The diet consists of molluscs,…

The Whiting fish (Merlangius merlangus) commonly called English whiting, European whiting, Golden cutlet, North Sea whiting, Spelding, Whiting and Merling is native to northeastern Atlantic Ocean. It is found in Southeastern Barents Sea, Iceland, Scandinavia, North Sea, Baltic, Black Sea, Portugal, Aegean Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Adriatic Sea. They exist on mud, sand and gravel seabeds at the depth of 100 m (328 ft). It is vital in Eastern North Atlantic Ocean, Western Baltic, Northern Mediterranean and Black Seas. Whiting fish has elongated body with small head and pointed snout measuring 70 cm long. The tail is truncate. The skin’s…

Breet, Britt, Butt, Turbot, Brat, European turbot and True turbot are the common names used to refer the species of flatfish within the family Scophthalmidae. The term was derived from Old French tourbout which is a derivative of Latin word turbo. They are usually found in muddy and sandy seabeds. It is also regarded as left sided flatfish which have both eyes on the left side of head. The body and head are mottled with various tubercles or bony knobs. The body is asymmetrical disk shaped or circular measuring about 100 cm (39 inches) long and 25 kg (55 lb)…

Scup fish (Stenotomus chrysops) also called Porgy, Northern porgy, Fair maid, Paugy and Scuppaug, do fish species that comprise the family Sparidae. They are usually found in Atlantic (from Massachusetts to South Carolina). Scup fishery is oldest in United States recording back to 1800. In 1929 the trawls was being started to use. Scup is caught with the use of otter trawl. It normally weighs about 4 lb (2 kg) measuring 18 inches (450 mm) long with compressed body which is ovate to elliptical. Its color ranges from dull silvery to iridescent with white belly. The head is concave dorsally…

Sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria, is the fish species in the genus Anoplopoma and family Anoplopomatidae. This fish species is also known as Sable, butterfish, black cod, blue cod, bluefish, candlefish, coal cod, coalfish, beshow, skil, alaska cod, skilfish and gindara. Sablefish is available in Eastern Pacific (from Southern California to Bering Sea) and Western Pacific (from Kamchatka and Russia to Southern Japan). It resides in muddy areas in the depth of 1000 to 9000 ft. deep. Its predators are Salmon, Sperm whales, Pacific halibut and Orcas. Its diet consists of squid, small fishes and jelly fish. Sablefish is a fish having…

The Orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus) is a deep sea fish that belongs to Trachichthyidae family. It is found in Eastern Atlantic Ocean, Western Pacific Ocean, Eastern Pacific off Chile and Indo Pacific. Orange roughy is most commonly found at the depth of 590 to 5,910 ft. It is also called Red roughy, deep sea perch, slimehead, rosy soldier fish, range roughy and orange ruff. It thrives in the temperature of 3 to 90C. It ranges in size of 75 cm (30 inches) in length and 7 kg (15 lb) in weight. The body is round and compressed and oval shaped.…